 | Term | Definition |
| |
Transverse Waves |
Waves involving the vibration of particles perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer |
| |
Longitudinal Waves |
Compression Waves |
| |
Compression Waves |
Waves involving the vibration of particles in the same direction as energy transfer |
| |
Amplitude |
Maximum distance that a particle moves away from its undisturbed position |
| |
Frequency |
Number of vibrations in one second or the number of wavelengths passing in one second |
| |
Pitch |
Highness or Lowness of a sound |
| |
Period |
One complete cycle of a wave, the duration for time |
| |
Wavelength |
Distance between two identical points of two neighboring points |
| |
Trough |
The hollow between two Transverse waves crests |
| |
Crests |
The top of a wave |
| |
Rarefaction |
Region in which the particles are farther apart than when not disturbed by a wave |
| |
Solenoid |
The coil in an electromagnet |
| |
Medium |
The material that a wave travels through |
| |
Sonar |
Sound Navigation and Ranging |
| |
Echolocation |
Use of sounds to locate objects by detecting echoes |
| |
Radio Waves |
Low energy waves, used to communicate over long distances, Tv Radio Microwave |
| |
Infra-Red Radiation |
Low energy waves, invisible to the human eye, sensed as heat. Remote Controls |
| |
Visible Light |
Necessary for sight and photo-synthesis in green plants |
| |
Ultra-Violet Radiation |
Invisible to the human eye, needed to help humans produce vitamin D, too much causes sun burn. |
| |
X-ray |
Enough energy to pass through flesh, produced by fast moving electrons giving off their energy. Kills cancer cells, finds weaknesses in metals, |
| |
Gamma Rays |
Have more energy than x-rays produced when energy is lost from the nucleus of an atom. Can cause damage to living cells, used to kill cancer cells, can find weaknesses in metal. |
| |
Solute |
Something dissolved (so it is soluble) in a solvent (usually water) to make a solution |
| |
Cell theory |
All living things are composed of cells, All cells are produced from pre-existing cells |
| |
Eukaryotic Cells |
Plant, Animal, Fungi and Protoctistan Cells |
| |
Prokaryotic Cells |
Cyanobacteria and Bacteria Cells |
| |
Organelles |
Very small structures in the Cytoplasm |
| |
Mitosis |
Cell division process that results in new cells with the same umber of chromosomes as the original cells |
| |
Meiosis |
Cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cells |
| |
DNA - Deoxyridonecleic Acid |
The chemical substance found in all live things that encodes the genetic information of an organism |
| |
RNA - Ribonucleic Acid |
A substance that allows the DNA to read the coded instructions |
| |
Nucleic Acids |
Molecules composed of building blocks called Nucleotides which are linked together in a chain |
| |
Chromosome |
Tiny thread like structures inside the nucleus of a cell |
| |
Chromatids |
Half of one chromosome |
| |
Karyotyping |
The process of sorting chromosomes into matched pairs |
| |
Phenotype |
Sum of the physical and mental characteristics of an organism at a particular time |
| |
Genotype |
The information inherited form the parents and contained in the RNA |
| |
Base Pairing Rule |
A nucleotide with an adenine (A) base if always paired with one containing a thymine (T) base for DNA and uracil (U) base for RNA. Same applies for a cytosine (C) base which goes with a guanine (G) base |
| |
Transcription |
The process of making a copy of a DNA sequence, using RNA |
| |
Translation |
The process in which the triplet code of messenger RNA is used to create amino acids |
| |
Alleles |
Different forms of a gene for a particular characteristics |
| |
Dominant |
Refers to a trait that requires only one allele to be present for its expression in a Heterozygote |
| |
Recessive |
Refers to a trait that requires two alleles to be present for its expression in a Homozygote |
| |
Homozygous |
Having the same two alleles for a characteristic |
| |
Heterozygous |
Having two different alleles for a characteristic |
| |
Carriers |
A person who is heterozygous for a characteristic and therefore does not display the recessive trait |
| |
Pedigrees Chart |
Diagram showing the family tree and a particular characteristic for family members |
| |
Autosomal Disorders |
Every disorder that is too do with genetics, but not sex chromosomes or sex genes |
| |
Sex-Linked disorders |
Disorders that are on the X or Y chromosome, Always come from the mother |
| |
Y Chromosome |
Small chromosome, with not many characteristics. Leads to a boy and only comes from the father |
| |
X Chromosome |
Big chromosome, with lots of characteristics. |
| |
Nucleotides |
What DNA is made up of, Made of sugar, phosphate and a nitrogen base |
| |
Amino Acids |
Made up of triplets, Triplets are 3 nucleotides. Makes up protein |
| |
Protein |
Long strands of Amino acids, Makes up almost anything |
| |
Isotopes |
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus |
| |
Atomic Number |
Number of protons, Defines the element |
| |
Mass Number |
Number of protons and neutrons |
| |
Atomic mass |
The average mass of the atoms element |
| |
Ions |
Atoms with a charge |
| |
Cations |
Atoms or groups of atoms that have lost electrons and are positively charged |
| |
Anions |
Atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons and are negatively charged |
| |
Ionic Compounds |
Compounds containing positive and negative ions help together by the electrostatic force |
| |
(s) |
Solid |
| |
(Aq) |
Solution ( Aqueous) |
| |
(g) |
Gas |
| |
Law of Conservation of Mass |
Las states that in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is the same as the total of the products |
| |
Soluble |
Dissolves in water |
| |
Insoluble |
Will not dissolve in water |
| |
Solution |
A Solute and a Solvent mixed together |
| |
Acids |
Acidic, have a sour taste. Ph lower than 7 |
| |
Base |
Alkalis, Soapy feel. Ph higher than 7 |
| |
Reactive / Corrosive |
Something both acids and bases are |
| |
Neutral |
Ph of 7, Not an acid or base |
| |
Incomplete dominance |
Type of inheritance in which the heterozygote shows the expression of the two alleles in its phenotype in a blending of the characteristics |
| |
Complete Dominance |
Type of inheritance in which the dominant trait requires only one allele to be present for its expression. It masks the allele for the recessive trait |
| |
Precipitate |
Solid product of a chemical reaction that is insoluble in water |
| |
Reaction |
Force acting in response to another force |
| |
Ionic Bond |
Attractive force between ions with opposite electrical charge |
| |
Covalent Bond |
Shared pair of electrons holding two atoms together |
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace