 | Term | Definition |
| |
periodic law |
statement about the behavior of the elements when they are arranged in a specific order. "Elements with similar chemical properties occur at regular intervals when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers |
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group/family |
vertical column of elements that have similar chemical properties |
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period |
horizontal row of elements |
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shell |
location and energy of electrons around a nucleus that is designated by a value for n, where n=1,2,3 etc |
| |
subshell |
component of a shell that is designated by a letter from the group s,p,d and f |
| |
atomic orbital |
volume of space around atomic nuclei wher electrons of the same energy move. groups of orbitals with the same n calue form subshells |
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valence shell |
outermost (highest energy) shell of an element that contains electrons |
| |
electromagnetic configurations |
detailed arrangement of electrons indicated by a specific notation 1s^2 2s^2 2p^4 etc |
| |
Hunds Rule |
statement of the behavior of electrons when they occupy orbitals. electrons will not join other electrons in an orbital if an empty orbital of the same energy is available for occupancy |
| |
Pauli exclusion principle |
statement of the behavior of electrons when they occupy orbitals; only electrons spinning in opposite directions can simultaneously occupy the same orbital |
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noble gas configuration |
electronic config where the last 8 electrons occupy and fill the s and p subshells of the highest occupied shells |
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distinguishing electron |
last and highest energy electron found in an element |
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representative element |
element in which the distinguishing electron is found in an s or p subshell |
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transition element |
element in which the distinguishing electron is found in a d shell |
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inner-transition element |
element in which the distinguishing electron is found in a f subshell |
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metals |
elements found in the left 2/3 of the periodic table. most have these properties; high thermal and electrical conductivities, high malleability and ductility and a metallic luster |
| |
nonmetals |
elements found in the right 1/3 of the periodic table. they often occur as brittle, powdery solids or gases and have properties generally opposite those of metals |
| |
metalloids |
elements that form a narrow diagonal band in the periodic table between metals and nonmetals. they have properties somewhat between those of metals and nonmetals |
| |
first ionization energy |
energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom |
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