 | Term | Definition |
| |
Lewis structure |
representation of an atom or ion where the elemental symbol represents the atomic nucleus and all but the valence shell electrons. the valence shell electrons are represented by dots arranged around the elemental symbol |
| |
octet rule |
rule for predicting electron behavior in reacting atoms. atoms will gain or lose electrons to achieve an out electron arrangement identical to that of a noble gas (usually with 8 electrons in valence shell) |
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simple ion |
atom that has aquired a net positive or negative charge by losing or gaining electrons |
| |
ionic bond |
attractive force that holds together ions of opposite charge |
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isoelectronic |
'same electronic' - used to describe atoms or ions that have identical electronic configurations |
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binary compound |
compound made up of two different elements |
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lattice site |
individual location occupied by a particle in a crystal lattice |
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crystal lattice |
rigid 3-D arrangement of particles |
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formula weight |
sum of the atomic weights of the atoms shown in the formula of an ionic compound |
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covalent bond |
attractive force that results between 2 atoms that are both attracted to a shared pair of electrons |
| |
double and triple bonds |
bonds resulting from the sharing of 2 and 3 pairs of electrons |
| |
polyatomic ions |
covalently bonded groups of atoms that carry a net electrical charge |
| |
VSEPR Theory |
theory based on the mutual repulsion of electron pairs. used to predict molecular shapes |
| |
nonpolar covalent bond |
covalent bond where the bonding pair of electrons is shared equally by the bonded atoms |
| |
electronegativity |
tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons of a covalent bond |
| |
bond polarization |
result of shared electrons being attracted to the more electronegative atom of a bonded pair of atoms |
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polar covalent bond |
covalent bond that shows bond polarization (bonding electrons are shared unequally) |
| |
polar molecule |
molecule that contains polarized bonds and where the resulting charges are distributed unsymmetrically throughout the molecule |
| |
nonpolar molecule |
molecule that contains no polarized bonds, or a molecule containing polarized bonds in which the resulting charges are distributed symmetrically throughout the molecule |
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network solid |
solid where the lattice sites are occupied by atoms that are covalently bonded to each other |
| |
metallic bond |
attractive force responsible for holding solid metals together. originated from the attraction between positively charged atomic kernels that occupy the lattice sites and mobile electrons that move freely throughout the lattice |
| |
dipolar force |
attractive force that exists between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another |
| |
hydrogen bonding |
result of attractive dipolar forces between molecules where the H2 atoms are covalently bonded to very electronegative elements (O, N or F) |
| |
dispersion forces |
very weak attractive forces acting between the particles of all matter. result from momentary nonsymmetric electron distributions in molecules or atoms |
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