 | Term | Definition |
| |
reactants of a reaction |
substances that undergo chemical change during the reaction. written on the left side of the equation representing the reaction |
| |
products of a reaction |
substances produced as a result of the reaction taking place. written on the right side of the equation representing the reaction |
| |
law of conservation of matter |
atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions |
| |
balanced equation |
equation where the number of atoms of each element in the reactants is the same as the number of atoms of that same element in the products |
| |
oxidation |
originally known as a process involving a reaction with O2. Today is known as a process where electrons are given up, H2 is lost or an oxidation number increases |
| |
reduction |
originally known as a process where oxygen was lost. today is known as a process where electrons are gained, H2 is accepted or an oxidation number decreases |
| |
oxidation numbers or oxidation states |
positive or negative numbers assigned to the elements in chemical formulas according to a specific set of rules |
| |
reducing agent |
substance that contains an element that is oxidized during a chemical reaction |
| |
oxidizing agent |
substance that contains an element that is reduced during a chemical reaction |
| |
decompostition reaction |
chemical reaction where a single substance reacts to form 2+ simpler substances |
| |
combination reaction |
chemical reaction where 2+ substances react to form a single substance |
| |
single replacement reaction |
chemical reaction where an element reacts with a compound and displaces another element from the compound |
| |
double replacement reaction |
chemical reaction where 2 compounds react and exchange partners to form 2 new compounds |
| |
molecular equation |
equation written with each compound represented by its formula |
| |
total ionic equation |
equation written with all soluble ionic substances represented by the ions they form in solution |
| |
spectator ions |
ions in a total ionic reaction that are not changed as the reaction proceeds. they appear in identical forms on the left and right sides of the equation |
| |
net ionic equation |
equation that contains only unionized or insoluble materials and ions that undergo changes as the reaction proceeds. all spectator ions are eliminated |
| |
stoichiometry |
study of mass relationships in chemical reactions |
| |
limiting reactant principle |
max amount of product possible from a reaction is determined by the amount of reactant present in the least amount, based on its reaction coefficient and molecular weight |
| |
limiting reactant |
reactant present in a reaction in the least amount, based on its reaction coefficients and molecular weight. it is the reactant that determines the max amount of prodcut that can be formed |
| |
side reactions |
reactions that do not give the desired product of a reaction |
| |
percentage yield |
percentage of the theoretical amount of a product actually produced by a reaction |
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