 | Term | Definition |
| |
solution |
homogeneous mixture of two or more substances where the components are present as atoms, molecules or ions |
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solvent |
substance present in a solution in the largest amount |
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solute |
one or more substances present in a solution in amounts less than that of the solvent |
| |
dissolving |
term used to describe the process of solution formation when one or more solutes are dispersed in a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture |
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soluble substance |
substance that dissolves to a significant extent in a solvent |
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insoluble substance |
substance that does not dissolve to a significant extent in a solvent |
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immiscible |
term used to describe liquids that are insoluble in each other |
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solubility |
max amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent under specific conditions of temperature and pressure |
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saturated solution |
solution that contains the max amount possible of dissolved solute in a stable situation under the prevailing conditions of temperature and pressure |
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supersaturated solution |
unstable solution that contains an amount of solute greater than the solute solubilit under the prevailing conditions of temperature and pressure |
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hydrated ion |
an ion in solution that is surrounded by water molecules |
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concentration |
relationship between the amount of solute and the specific amount of solution in which it is contained |
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molarity (M) |
solution concentration expressed in terms of the number of moles of solute contained in a liter of solution |
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percent |
solution concentration that expresses the amount of solute in 100 parts of solution |
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weight/weight percent |
concentration that expresses the mass of solute contained in 100 mass units of solution |
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weight/volume percent |
concentration that exresses the grams of solute contained in 100 mL of solution |
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volume/volume percent |
concentration that expresses the volume of soltue contained in 100 volumes of solution |
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electrolyte |
solute that when dissolved in water forms a solution that conducts electricity |
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nonelectrolyte |
solute when dissolved in water forms a solution that does not conduct electricity |
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colligative property |
solution property that depends only on the concentration of solute particles in solution |
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osmotic pressure |
hydrostatic pressure required to prevent the net flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane into a solution |
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osmosis |
process where solvent flows through a semipermeable membrane into a solution |
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osmolarity |
product of n and M in the equation (pie)=nMRT |
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colloid |
homogeneous mixture of two or more substnaces where the dispersed substances are present as larger particles than are found in solutions |
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dispersing medium |
substance present in a colloidal dispersion in the largest amount |
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dispersed phase |
substance present in a colloidal dispersion in amounts less than the amount of dispersing medium |
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Tyndall Effect |
property of colloids where the path of a beam of light through the colloid is visible beacuse the light is scattered |
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emulsifying agent (stabalizing agent) |
substance that when added to colloids prevents them from coalescing and settling |
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dislyzing membrane |
semipermeable mebrane with pores large enough to allow solvent molecules, other small molecules and hydrated ions to pass through |
| |
dialysis |
process where solvent molecules, other small molecules and hydrated ions pass from a solution through a membrane |
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