 | Term | Definition |
| |
organic compound |
compound that contains the element carbon |
| |
organic chemistry |
study of carbon containing compounds |
| |
inorganic chemistry |
study of the elements and all noncarbon compounds |
| |
hybrid orbital |
an orbital produced from the combination of two or more nonequivalent orbitals of an atom |
| |
isomerism |
preperty where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms |
| |
structural isomers |
compounds that have the same molecular formula but in which the atoms bond in different patterns |
| |
functional group |
unique reactive combination of atoms that differentiates molecules of organic compounds of one class from those of another |
| |
expanded structural formula |
structural molecular formula showing all the covalent bonds |
| |
condensed structural formula |
structural molecular formula showing the general arrangement of atoms but without showing all the covalent bonds |
| |
hydrocarbon |
organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen |
| |
saturated hydrocarbon |
another name for an alkane |
| |
alkane |
hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds |
| |
normal alkane |
any alkane in which all the caron atoms are algiend in a continuous chain |
| |
branched alkane |
an alkane in which at least one carbon atom is not part of a continuous chain |
| |
conformations |
different arrangements of atoms in space achieved by rotation about single bonds |
| |
alkyl group |
a group differing by one hydrogen from an alkane |
| |
cycloalkane |
an alkane in which carbon atoms form a ring |
| |
stereoisomers |
compounds with the same structural formula but different spatial arrangements of atoms |
| |
geometric isomers |
molecules with restricted rotation around C-C bonds that differ in the 3-D arrangements of their atoms in space and not in the order of linkae of atoms |
| |
cis- |
on the same side (as applied to geometric isomers) |
| |
trans- |
on opposite sides (as applied to geometric isomers) |
| |
homologous series |
compounds of the same functional class that differ by a -CH2- group |
| |
hydrophobic |
molecules or parts of molecules that repel (are insoluble in) water |
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