Set: Chemistry, Matter & Life (2nd Module)

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All 40 Terms

Term Definition
Chemistry Is the science that deals with the composition of matter and the changes that may occur in the composition.
Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space. Includes solids, liquids, and gases.
Element Substances that can't be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reaction. Chemists have identified 93 natural occurring elements. 98% of an organisms mass is composed of only six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous.
Trace element Some elements, such as iodine and copper, are presented in such small amounts.
Chemical Symbol Using a system of abbreviations called chemical symbols. Usually the first one or two letters of the English or Latin name of the element.
Atom Is the smallest unit of an element that retains the characteristic chemical properties of that element. It would take more than 100million atoms to measure an inch.
Atomic Structure An atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Proton Particle with a positive charge located in the nucleus of the atom.
Neutron Uncharged particles also located in the nucleus of the atom.
Electron Particles with a negative charge and an extremely small mass (about 1/8000 of the mass of a proton).
Atomic Number The chemical identity of the atom.
Mass Number Known as atomic weight. The total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus.
Orbital Within energy levels, electrons occur in characteristic regions of space. Represent the place where electrons are mostly probably found.
Molecule Two or more atoms may chemically combine to form a molecule.
Chemical Compound Is a substance that compromises two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.
Chemical Formula Shorthand method for describing the chemical composition of a molecule. Chemical symbols are used to indicate the types of atoms in the molecule and subscript numbers are used to indicate the number of each type of atom present.
Structural Formula Shows not only the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule, but also their arrangement.
Reactant Substances that participate in the reaction and are written on the left side of the equation.
Product These are the substances formed by the reaction and are written on the right side.
Equilibrium A certain amount of the product continuously breaks up to form the reactants and the rate of forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
Chemical Bond Is the attractive force that holds two atoms together. The chemical properties of an element are determined primarily by the number of valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost energy level or shell.
Covalent Bond Involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. For example, water molecule has one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
Ionic Bonds Atoms with one, two or three electrons in the outer shell tend to donate electrons to other atoms. When an atom loses an electron(s) it becomes positively charged, when an atom gains an electron(s) it becomes negatively charged.
Cation Positively charged ions.
Anion Atoms with five, six, or seven electrons in their outer shell tend to gain electrons from other atoms and become negatively charged.
Ionic Bond Forms when one atom donates an electron to another. Each atom becomes electrically charged as a result of this exchange, and because of these opposite charges the atoms are attracted to one another.
Ionic Compound When held together by ionic bonds, oppositely charged ions are form.
Covalent and Ionic Compounds Atoms combine with each other in two broad general ways, either by the sharing of electrons between atoms or by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another.
Mixture Is a combination of two or more substances, in varying proportions that can be separated by ordinary physical means.
Solution Are mixtures in which the component particles remain evenly distributed.
Solute Substance that is present in the smaller amount which is being dissolved.
Solvent Usually liquid or gas, is the component that is present in the larger amount and that does the dissolving.
Suspension Some mixtures involving liquids settle unless they are continually shaken. Sand + water mixed together but when settle sand on bottom while water on top.
Colloidal Suspension One type of mixture that is particularly important in the body. Particles are so small that they remain suspended in the liquid phase, but do not settle or dissolve.
Electrolytes acids bases and buffers Acids, bases, and salts belong to a large group of compounds.
Electrolytes Substances that break up or dissociate in solution to form charged particles, or ions.
Acid A proton donor.
Bases Defined through the Bronsted-Lowry theory as proton acceptors.
Neutrality Has the same number of proton donors as proton acceptors and the pH is 7.
Buffers A solution that resists change in pH when an acid or base is added. Contains a weak acid and a salt of that acid, which functions as a weak base. Acts in the lungs and kidneys.

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Terms 40
Creator duckylucky
Created August 12, 2008
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Most Missed Words

  1. Mass Number → Known as atomic weight. The total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus. - 2 misses
  2. Covalent and Ionic Compounds → Atoms combine with each other in two broad general ways, either by the sharing of electrons between atoms or by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. - 2 misses
  3. Ionic Bond → Forms when one atom donates an electron to another. Each atom becomes electrically charged as a result of this exchange, and because of these opposite charges the atoms are attracted to one another. - 2 misses
  4. Anion → Atoms with five, six, or seven electrons in their outer shell tend to gain electrons from other atoms and become negatively charged. - 2 misses
  5. Chemical Bond → Is the attractive force that holds two atoms together. The chemical properties of an element are determined primarily by the number of valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost energy level or shell. - 1 miss
  6. Covalent Bond → Involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. For example, water molecule has one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. - 1 miss
  7. Ionic Compound → When held together by ionic bonds, oppositely charged ions are form. - 1 miss