| Term | Definition |
|
1302 |
Pope Boniface VIII issues the bull Unam Sanctum |
|
1305-1378 |
The popes reside in Avignon during the Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy |
|
1347 |
The Black Death sweeps through Italy |
|
1356 |
The Golden Bull establishes a system for the election of the Holy Roman emperor |
|
1378-1417 |
During the Great Schism, there are two, and even three, rival claimants to the papacy |
|
1415 |
John Hus is burned at the stake |
|
1417 |
The election of Pope Martin V ends the Great Schism |
|
1453 |
The Hundred Years' War ends |
|
1455-1485 |
England is torn by the Wars of the Roses |
|
1461 |
Louis XI becomes king of France |
|
1469 |
Ferdinand of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile |
|
1485 |
Henry Tudor becomes King Henry VII of England |
|
1492 |
The Spanish government orders the country's Jews either to convert to Christianity or leave |
|
1519 |
Charles V becomes Holy Roman emperor |
|
1556 |
Charles V begins the process of abdication |
|
c. 1304 |
Giotto begins work on his frescoes in the Arena Chapel in Padua |
|
1348-1353 |
Giovanni Boccaccio writes the Decameron |
|
1378 |
Gian Galeazzo Visconti becomes the ruler of Milan |
|
1425 |
Masaccio paints 'The Holy Trinity' |
|
1434 |
Cosimo de' Medici becomes the ruler of Florence |
|
1450 |
Francesco Sforza becomes the ruler of Milan |
|
1469 |
Lorenzo de' Medici becomes the ruler of Florence |
|
1480 |
Ludovico il Moro becomes the ruler of Milan |
|
c. 1480 |
Sandro Botticelli paints 'The Birth of Venus' |
|
c. 1485 |
Giovanni Bellini paints 'St. Francis in Ecstasy' |
|
1494 |
Savonarola takes power in Florence |
|
c. 1495-1498 |
Leonardo da Vinci paints the 'The Last Supper' |
|
1501-1504 |
Michelangelo completes his statue of 'David' |
|
c. 1502 |
Leonardo da Vinci paints the 'Mona Lisa' |
|
c. 1505 |
Giorgione paints the 'Tempesta' |
|
1508-1512 |
Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel |
|
1510-1511 |
Raphael paints 'The School of Athens' |
|
1513 |
Niccolo Machiavelli writes 'The Prince' |
|
1518 |
Baldassare Castiglione wrties 'The Book of the Courtier' |
|
1548 |
Tintoretto paints 'The Miracle of St. Mark' |
|
1558-1562 |
Benvenuto Cellini writes his autobiography. |