 | Term | Definition |
| |
mircoorganisims |
collection of organisims that share the characteristic of being visible only with a microscope. |
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What consitutes the subject matter of microbiology? |
microorganisims |
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classification |
highlights characteristics that are common among certain groups while providing order to the variety of living things. |
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taxonomy |
the science of classification. |
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Carlous Linnaeus |
One of the first taxonomists- he classified all know plants and animals of during the 1750-1760's period. |
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species |
the fundamental rank of the classification as set down by Linnaeus in which microorganisms are 70 % similar from a biochemical standpoint |
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genus |
group of various species that are grouped b/c of similarities |
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family |
group of various genera that are grouped b/c of similarities |
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order |
group of various families |
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class |
group of various orders |
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phylum |
group of various classes |
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kingdom |
group in which various phyla or divisions are placed in- the broadest classification entry |
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morphology |
means form |
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2 major groups of organisims |
prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
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prokaryotes |
bacteria--no nucleus or organelles |
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eukaryotes |
fungi, protozoa, and unicellular algae--DO have nucleus and cell organelles |
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Robert Whittaker |
created the five-kingdom classification system |
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First of the 5 kingdoms |
monera or sometimes called--prokaryotae |
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second of the 5 kingdoms |
protista |
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third of the 5 kingdoms |
fungi |
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fourth of the 5 kingdoms |
plantae |
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fifth of the 5 kingdoms |
animalia |
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organisms in Monera include: |
prokaryotes like bacteria and cyanobacteria |
| |
organisms in Protista |
protozoa, unicellular algae, slime molds--all are eukaryotes and single celled |
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organisms in Fungi |
molds, mushrooms, and yeasts- eukaryotes--they absorb simple nutrients from the soil |
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bacteria |
prokaryotic organisms whose cells lack a nucleus or nuclear membrane |
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bacteria reproduce VIA |
binary fission |
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fungi |
eukaryotic--include multicellular molds and unicellular yeasts |
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molds |
filamentous, branched fungi that uses spores for reproduction |
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protozoa can be classified accoring to |
movement |
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protoza cell characterisitc |
no specific shape do to the lack of cell walls |
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algae |
plantlike organisms |
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algae that are inhabitants of the ocean |
diatoms and dinoflagellates |
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the function of algae |
to capture sunlight and transform it to the chemical energy of carbohydrates in the process of photosynthesis |
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viruses |
ultramircoscopic bits of gentic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein shell and sometimes, a membranous envelope |
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viruses are difficult to interfere with b/c... |
they have no metabolism |
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viruses damage or kill cells by.. |
multiplying and using chemical machinery of living cells for their own purpose-often destroy cells in the process of replication |
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binomial name |
name having two parts in which the first name is the genus and the second is the modifying adjective called the species modifier |
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Robert Hooke |
english scientist of the 1600's who observed strands of fungi |
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek |
dutch scientist of the 1670's who made careful observations of microscopic organisms, which he called animalcules |
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spontaneous generation |
stated that microorganisms arise from lifeless matter such as beef broth |
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Francesco Redi |
disputed the spontaneous generation theory by showing that fly maggots do not arise from decaying meat if the meat is covered to prevent the entry of flies |
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John Needham |
advanced the spontaneous generation theory |
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Lazzaro Spallanzani |
disputed the theory by showing that boiled broth would not give rise to microscopic forms of life |
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Louis Pasteur |
performed numerous experiments to discover why wine and dairy products became sour and he found that bacteria were to blame |
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