 | Term | Definition |
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Free State |
States that did not allow slavery. |
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Underground Railroad |
System of secret escape routes leading to free lands. |
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Abraham Lincoln |
Became President in 1861. Opposed slavery, but was not an abolitionist. |
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Dred Scott |
Slave who went to court to petition for his freedom. His owner had died, and he lived in a free state so he believed he should be free. |
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Abolitionists |
Many people in the US who worked to end slavery. |
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Confederacy |
6 States left the union: South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi seceded from the Union and formed own national govt called the Confederacy. |
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Frederick Douglass |
Escaped Slavery. Became well known for his writings and speeches against slavery. |
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Jefferson Davis |
President of the Confederacy. |
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Border States |
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. States located between the North and South and torn between the 2 sides. These states permitted slavery but had not seceded. |
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Abolished |
Ended slavery. |
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Secede |
To leave the Union. |
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Codes |
Sets of laws that said slaves were not allowed to leave their owner's land, meet in groups, or buy or sell goods. Most were not allowed to learn to read or write. |
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Sectionalism |
Many national leaders worked towards goals that were best for their own sections or regions rather than for the whole country. |
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Nat Turner |
In 1831, he was a slave who led an attack in Virginia that killed more than 50 people. The slave codes were passed in response to the attack. |
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Civil War |
A war between people in the same country. |
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Compromise |
Agreement in which each side gives up something that it wants. |
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Slavery |
The practice of holding people against their will and making them work without pay. |
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Fugitive Slave Act |
Part of the Compromise of 1850. Required all Americans to turn in people who had escaped slavery. This act was very unpopular in the North. |
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Henry Clay |
Congress member from Kentucky. Negotiated the Missouri Compromise and The Compromise of 1850. |
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Lucretia Mott |
Organized a women's rights convention with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. |
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Samuel Cornish |
A free African American that started the newspaper called Freedom's Journal. |
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Harriet Stowe |
Published Uncle Tom's Cabin. It told the story of how enslaved people were mistreated. This book helped turn more people against slavery. |
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Roger Taney |
Supreme Court Justice for the Dred Scott decision. |
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John C. Calhoun |
Andrew Jackson's Vice President. He disagreed with Jackson and argued against tariffs. |
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Tarriff |
A tax on imported goods. |
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Harriet Tubman |
One of the best known conductors on the Underground Railroad. She was an escaped slave herself. |
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William Garrison |
White Northerner. Started an abolitionist paper called The Liberator. Later he founded the Anti-Slavery Society. |
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Sojurner Truth |
Gained her freedom in 1827 when New York state abolished slavery. Traveled the country speaking out against slavery. Her original name was Isabella Van Wagner. |
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Andrew Jackson |
President. Believed the federal government had the right to collect the tariff on European goods. |
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John Brown |
Led a group of followers to seize weapons at Harpers Ferry. He planned to give the guns to slaves to they could fight for freedom. He was caught, put on trial and hanged. |
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Frederick Douglass |
An escaped slave who became well know for his writings and speeches against slavery. |
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John Breckiridge |
Ran agains Abraham Lincoln for president as a Democrat. Southern Democrates backed him because he wanted to protect slavery. |
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Stephen A. Douglass |
Argued that each new state should decide for itself whether to allow slavery. Ran agains Lincoln for US Senate and won the election. |
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Missouri Compromise |
Passed in 1820. Missouri joined the Union as a slave state and Maine joined the Union as a free state. The compromise kept the voting balance in the Congress equal. |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act |
Allowed people in Kansas and Nebraska to vote whether slavery would be allowed. |
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Bloody Kansas |
As a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, people went to Kansas to vote on the issue of slavery. Many fights broke out between the opposition. |
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Underground Railroad (How did it work?) |
The Underground Railroad was a system of secret escape routes for slaves to reach freedom. Conductors helped the slaves along the routes hide in secret until they reached free land. |
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Enslaved People Viewed as Property |
In the Dred Scott decision, slaves were considered property. The Supreme Court ruled that Congress had no rights to abolish slavery. Under the Constitution, Congress is not allowed to pass laws that take away property and slaves were considered property. |
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Border States Status when Civil War began |
Border states were states that permitted slavery but had not seceded from the Union. The border states were Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware and Maryland. These states were torn between the North and the South. |
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What was the South's economy based on? |
Cash crops (tobacco and cotton) grown on plantations. |
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Why did Southerners oppose the tariffs? |
They had to pay higher prices on goods imported from Europe. |
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What regional differences caused conflicts between the North and the South? |
Disagreements over slavery, government (state's rights) and the tariffs. |
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How did the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 affect the people in the South |
It angered them because the had to pay higher prices for goods they were purchasing. |
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What was the North's economy based on? |
Manufacturing. |
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What was an effect of the rebellion led by Nat Turner |
Slave codes. |
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Why did Uncle Tom's Cabin have such a strong influence on the people who read it |
It explained the mistreatment of slaves. |
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How were the points of view of LIncoln and Douglass on the spread of slavery different |
Lincoln believed that slavery should not be allowed in the new states. Douglass believed those states should decide for themselves. |
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What events caused the Civil War? |
Abraham Lincoln was elected president. 6 states seceded from the Union. Fort Sumter was attacked by the Confederacy. |
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Why did South Carolina secede from the Union? |
Abraham Lincoln was elected president. |
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Who served as conductors for the Underground Railroad? |
Free African Americans and white Northerners. |
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Compromise of 1850 |
California joined the Union as a free state. Utah and New Mexico also joined the Union but were allowed to decide for themselves whether they would be free or slave states. |
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Why might people in the South support the spread of slavery in the new states? |
They wanted to ensure that Congress would not have enough votes to abolish slavery. |
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Why might people in the North oppose the spread of slavery in the new states? |
They wanted to abolish slavery. They knew if new states became slave states, Congress would not have enough votes to abolish slavery. |
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How did regional differences lead to the Civil War? |
The North's economy depended on manufacturing while the South's economy depended on cash crops. The North did not depend on slavery, but the South depended on slaves to work their plantations. The tariffs benefitted the North because they were able to charge higher prices for the goods they manufactured. The tariffs hurt the South because they to pay higher prices for goods purchased from Europe and goods purchased from the North. The North believed the federal government should have authority over the individual states. The South believed in states' rights and they should be able to overrule federal laws that hurt them. |
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Republican Party |
Established to fight slavery. |
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates |
Debated slavery. |
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