| Term | Definition |
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The printing press |
Spread new ideas, brought cheaper books and more people learned to read. |
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Treaty of Paris 1763 |
Officially ended French/Indian war, Britain dominated |
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Columbian Exchange |
A global exchange of people, plants, animals, technology, and disease form Americas to Europe. Began by Christopher Columbus. brought a commercial revolution and mercantilism. |
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Thirty Year's War |
Result-Germany divided into smaller states. |
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Enlightenment |
Wanted to establish social order based on reason. Had little effect on peasants. Same as Age of Reason. |
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Declaration of Independence |
Ideas influenced by Locke. Principle author was Thomas Jefferson |
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French Constitution |
Established by a new Legislative Assembly,set up a limited monarchy in place of an absolute monarchy. |
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Reign of Terror |
1793-1794;Robspierre was chief of Reign of Terror, anyone who opposed French Revolution was executed. |
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Congress of Vienna |
Took place after Napoleon. Redrew boundaries of Europe to circle France with strong countries |
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French Estates |
Peasants supported France financially |
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French Revolution |
4 phases: National Assembly, escalating violence, Reign of Terror, and Directory. People became radical and went with Napoleon |
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Napoleonic Code |
Guaranteed equality of all citizens before law |
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Industrial Revolution |
Women: working and caring for kids, Textiles: led to establishment of properties, Safety: poor conditions inhumane, Benefited: new middle class that was growing fast, Marx: idea on industry-few wealthy people but alot of poor people, Coal: vital source to make iron and machines, Leading Countries: US and Germany, Effects on Cities: large growth in population, poor lived in tenements, better sewer system, skyscrapers being built. Relation to Imperialism: Because more factories were being built, more workers were needed, as well as raw materials and markets. |
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Franco-Prussian War |
In 1870, France forced to withdraw troops from Rome. Italy became united. |
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Nationalism |
Italy: Kavor united Italy. Germany: United under Bismark. Balkans: Caused Ottoman Empire to decline. |
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Russian Revolution of 1905 |
Cause was Bloody Sunday. Peasants revolted and demanded land. |
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Imperialism- S.Africa, Ethiopia, India |
S. Africa: Controlled by Britain. Ethiopia: Controlled by themselves becuase they had modern weapons and a well trained army. India: Britain took over |
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Taiping Revolution |
China was in decline in 1800s and peasants revolted. |
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Triple Alliance |
Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Germany (aka Central Powers) |
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WWI |
Machine Gun: helped stalemate. Women: kept economy going. Innvolvment of US: when Germay sunk Lusitania; zimmerman note. Archduke Ferdinand: Led to AH declarign war on Serbia, killed by Black Hand. Dates: 1914-1919. |
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
Ended Russian participation in WWI. |
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Bolshevik Revolution |
Resulted in Civil War in Russia. Peasants revolted and seized lands from landlords. |
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Russian Revolution-Reds vs. Whites |
Communists versus Liberals and Loyalists |
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Spanish Civil War |
1936, Spain goes to war in 1931, popular unrest against old order forced king to leave Spain and republic was set up which passed series of controversial reforms.Testing ground for Italy and Germany. |
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Pearl Harbor |
Dec. 7, 1941, Japan pitches US into war with an attack on Pearl Harbor, killing 2400+ people. |
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D-Day |
June 6, 1944, Allies choose to invade France. 176,000 troops went across English Channel and fought to shore and broke through. Forces storm Normandy to free refugees from Germany. |
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Battle of Midway |
US attacks 2 Japaneses fleets during Battle of Coral Sea and Midway Island. Weakened Japan's naval power and stopped Japanese advance. Allow US to take offensive. |
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Hiroshima |
Aug.6, 1945. US plane drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima for first time. |