 | Term | Definition |
| |
reservations |
areas of federal land set aside for American indians |
| |
Treaty of Fort Laramie |
the first major treaty, signed with Northern Plains Indians in Wyoming in 1851 |
| |
Crazy Horse |
a chief who led a group of Souix to kill 81 calvary members in 1866 |
| |
Treaty of Medicine Lodge |
a treaty in which most of the Southern plains indians agreed to live on reservations, signed in 1867 |
| |
George Armstrong Custer |
killed by Souix indians in a battle find gold in 1874, Battle of Little Bighorn |
| |
Sitting Bull |
a souix leader, led battle of little bighorn with Crazy Horse |
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Battle of Little Bighorn |
the battle in which Custer's army and the Souix fought, resulting in all of Custer's Forces being wiped out. Also known as "Custer's Last Stand" |
| |
Ghost Dance |
Invented by Wovoka, Paiute Indian. Indians beleived that if they did this dance they would be lead to a life free of suffering |
| |
Geronimo |
Chiricahau Apache, he and a small band of raiders left reservation and avoided capture until 1884. |
| |
Sarah Winnemucca |
went to Washington DC to ask for reform for the American Indian Reservation System |
| |
Dawes General Allotment Act |
Separated Indian lands into plots, gave indians citizenship |
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Bonanza |
Large deposit of precious ore |
| |
boomtowns |
communities that sprang up quickly when a mine opened |
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transcontinental railroad |
a railroad from the east coast to west coast |
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Comstock Lode |
largest strike of gold and silver, over $500million, in nevada |
| |
Pony Express |
used a system of messengers on horseback to carry mail on a route between realy stations |
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Pacific Railway Acts |
1862 + 1864, gave railroad companies large land grants to be sold to offset construction costs |
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Leland Stanfort |
central pacific part-owner, praised Chinese workers but paid them less than white workers |
| |
Texas Longhorn |
a sturdy breed of cattle, mix of English and Spanish |
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open range |
public land used for grazing cattle |
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range rights |
water rights to water on a range (ponds, lakes, etc.) |
| |
baqueros |
ranch hands who card for cattle and horses |
| |
roundup |
gathering the cattle together for counting and branding |
| |
cattle drive |
long journeys on which the cowboys herded the cattle to the shipped |
| |
range wars |
fighting between large ranchers, small ranchers and farmers over |
| |
Joseph McCoy |
had the idea to ship cattle by rail |
| |
Cattle kingdom |
the area on which ranches were built, streched from TX to Canada |
| |
Elizabeth Collins |
very sucessful rancher, named cattle Queen of Montana |
| |
Nat Love |
african American cowboy, wrote an autobiography |
| |
Chisholm Trail |
one of the earliest and most popular cattle routes |
| |
sodbusters |
farmers who did the hard work of breaking up sod |
| |
dry farming |
farmers left a section of soil unplanted to retain moisture |
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Homestead Act |
gave gov't owned land to farmers |
| |
Morril act |
gave land to states, required them to sell it for money for colleges |
| |
Joseph Glidden |
inventor of barbed wire |
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