 | Term | Definition |
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Siddhartha Gautama |
Founder od Buddhism,aka Buddha |
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Four Noble Truths |
Name of Buddha's teachings |
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Noble Eightfold Path |
Rules to follow in Buddhism to stop wrong desire |
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nirvana |
Peaceful feeling of joy |
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Buddha |
The Awakened one |
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Messiah |
savior,incarnation of god |
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Judas Iscariot |
dis ciple of jesus who betrayed jesus |
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Gospels |
Part of the Bible containing stories of jesus,Matthew,Mark,Luke,jhon |
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The Bible |
Sacred book of Christianity |
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Sanatan Dharma |
Universal Religion |
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Rig-Veda |
oldest Hindu Scripture |
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Brahman |
Universal spirit behind everything |
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Brahma,Vishnu,and Shiva |
Three parts of the Trimurti9holy trinity) |
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Shiva |
Destroys one cycle of life so that a new cycle can begin |
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Vishnu |
Keeps order in the universe |
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Koran |
holy book of Islam |
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Medina |
Center of Islamic civilization |
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Night Journey |
event when Muhammad;ascended to heaven |
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Muslim |
Follower of Muhammad; someone who surrenders to god |
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Allah |
the one god |
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Sultan |
''overlord''; title of Ottoman rulers |
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Arkan-ul-Islam |
Five Pillars of Islam |
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Ramadan |
Month in which Muslims fast |
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Haj |
Pilgrimage to Mecca |
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Muhammad |
founder of Islam; messenger of Allah |
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Mecca |
Muhammad's birthplace |
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Ka'bah |
represents Monotheism |
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Mosque |
building in which Muslims worship |
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Abraham |
Founder (patriarch) of Judaism |
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Torah |
''The law'' of the Jewish faith; first five books of the Hebrew Bible |
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Ten Commandments |
laws to live by that were given to Moses |
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Siddur |
Jewish prayer book |
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Synagogue |
''Place of assembly'' for jews |
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Monotheism |
Belief in one deity |
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Ghazi |
Warrior for Islam |
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Ottoman |
Follower of osman (also called Othman) |
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Timur the Lame |
conqueror from Samarkand who burned Baghdad crushing Ottoman forces at Battle of Ankara in 1402,halting expansion of Ottoman Empire |
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Mehmed |
aka Mehmed the Conqueror, who conquered Constantinople in 1453, and opened it to citizens of many religions and backgrounds |
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Constantinople |
Capital of the Ottoman Empire, now known as Istanbul |
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Suleyman the Lawgiver |
aka Suleyman the Magnificent; great militry leader, created code of law, simplified system of taxation, reduced government bureaucracy |
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Devshirme |
Ottoman policy of taking boys from Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers |
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Janissary |
Member of elite fighting force comprised of Christian slaves in the Ottoman Empire |
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Infidel |
One who does not believe in a certain religion religion |
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Osman |
Most successful warrior and ''founder'' of Ottomans |
| |
Byzantine Empire |
conquered by the Ottomans; primarily greek Orthodox |
| |
Jizya |
Per capita tax on non-Muslim adult males to freely worship |
| |
Safavid Empire |
Shi'iteMuslim dynasty that ruled persia between 16th and 18th centuries |
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Shah |
Hereditary monarch of Iran |
| |
Isma'il |
Founder of Sh'ia Islam; known as religious tyrant who killed any citizen who didn't convert |
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Shah Abbas |
Helped create Safavid culture |
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Esfahan |
Safavid capital that was a showplace for artisans |
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Mughal |
Nomads who lived in the Indian subcontinent and established a powerful empire there |
| |
Babur |
Brilliant general who laid the foundation for the Mughal Empire |
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Akbar |
''Greatest one'' grandson of babur' Rules with wisdom and tolerance |
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Sikh |
nonviolent religious group whose beliefs blend elements of Buddhism, Hinduism,and Sufism |
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Shah Jahan |
Created taj Mahal as a shirine to his wife |
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Taj Mahal |
Shrine built by Shah Jahan, which is located in Agra and Made out of marble and precious stones |
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Aurangzed |
Despotic ruler, whose strict laws led to divisions and decentralization of government in the Mughal Empire |
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humanism |
doctrine (belief) or attitude that is concerned primarily with human beings and their values, capacities and achievements |
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secular |
worldly and concerned with now |
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Renaissance |
Rebirth |
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Patron |
Person who financially supports the arts |
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Perspective |
Technique that shows three dimensions on a flat surface |
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Vernacular |
Native or every day language |
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Utopia |
Ideal Place |
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City-State |
Independent state consisting of a city and surrounding land and villages |
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Justification by faith |
Martin Luther's concept that faith alone is enough to bring salvation |
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Indulgences |
Pardon sold by catholic Church to reduce one's punishment |
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excommunication |
Formal exclusion from membership or participation in a church |
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Heresy |
Disagreement with or denial of the basic teachings of a religion |
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theocracy |
goverment headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god |
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Predestination |
doctrine of john calvin that adhered to the idea that each person's fate is predetermined by god |
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Anabaptist |
member of a protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be christian and believed i the separation of church and state |
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Seminary |
School for educating priests |
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baroque |
ornate dramatic artistic style,sparked by the Cathlic Reformation, which developed in europe in the 1550s |
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Jesuits |
Members of the society of jesus, aroman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius |
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Inquisition |
Church court set up to stamp out heresy |
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Council of Trent |
Meeting of roman catholic leaders called by pope paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by protestants reformers |
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Huldrych Zwingli |
Swiss priest who led the protestant movement in Switzerland |
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Huguenots |
French Protestants |
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Peace of Augsburg |
1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each geman state would be decided by its ruler |
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heresy |
disagreement with or denial of the basic teachings of a religion |
| |
Simony |
The selling of Official positions in the medieval roman catholic Church. |
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