 | Term | Definition |
| |
chemistry |
the study of matter, the changes matter undergoes and the energies associated with those changes |
| |
matter |
anything with mass and volume |
| |
mass |
a measurement of the amount of matter in an object |
| |
volume |
a measurement of the amount of space an object occupies |
| |
homogeneous |
the same throughout, has a uniform composition |
| |
heterogeneous |
not the same throughout, has visibly different components |
| |
substance |
a homogeneous form of matter with a definite composition |
| |
element |
a substance that cannot be decomposed by physical or chemical means |
| |
compound |
a substance composed of 2 or more different elements chemically bonded together |
| |
mixture |
2 or more substances physically combined |
| |
solution |
a homogeneous mixture |
| |
solvent |
part of a solution, present in the larger amount, the "dissolver" |
| |
solute |
part of a solution, present in the smaller amount, the "dissolvee" |
| |
chromatography |
a physical separation technique, based on differences in solubility or attraction to the different phases |
| |
distillation |
a physical separation technique, based on differences in boiling point |
| |
filtration |
a physical separtion technique, based on differences in particle size or solubility |
| |
centrifugation |
a physical separtion technique, based on differences in density |
| |
filtrate |
the part of a mixture that passes thru a filter |
| |
residue |
the part of a mixture that does not pass thru a filter |
| |
mobile phase |
the chromatography component that moves |
| |
stationary phase |
the chromatography component that does not move |
| |
physical property |
any observation that can be made without changing the substance into something new |
| |
chemical property |
describes the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction |
| |
physical change |
a change in the physical properties of a sample of matter that does not change its chemical composition |
| |
chemical change |
A process in which one or more substances are changed into new substances with different properties |
| |
solid |
a phase of matter that has definite shape and definite volume, the particles are tightly packed together |
| |
liquid |
a phase of matter that has indefinite shape and definite volume, the particles are close together but can move independently |
| |
gas |
a phase of matter that has indefinite shape and indefinite volume, the particles are far apart and move independently |
| |
vapor |
a gas that is normally a liquid at room temperature |
| |
plasma |
a high energy phase of matter that is composed of ionized gases |
| |
Bose-Einstein Condensate |
a phase of matter that exists at temperatures near 0 Kelvin |
| |
intensive property |
a characteristic of matter that is true regardless of the amount of matter present |
| |
extensive property |
a characteristic of matter that depends on the amount of matter present |
| |
indicator |
something that accompanies a reaction, used to decide if a reaction is chemical or physical |
| |
exothermic |
an overall release of energy in a reaction |
| |
endothermic |
an overall absorption of energy in a reaction |
| |
isothermic |
no overall change of energy in a reaction |
| |
reactant |
the starting materials in a reaction |
| |
product |
the material that is produced in a reaction |
| |
metal |
a type of element that is malleable, ductile, lustrous, conducts heat, conducts electricity |
| |
nonmetal |
a type of element that is brittle, not malleable, not ductile, doesn't conduct heat, doesn't conducts electricity |
| |
metalloid |
a type of element that has some metal and some nonmetal properties |
| |
malleable |
the ability of a substance to be shaped, bent or hammered into a sheet without breaking |
| |
ductile |
the ability of a substance to be extruded into a wire |
| |
lustrous |
shiny |
| |
brittle |
opposite of maleable, easily broken when subjected to stress |
| |
conservation of matter |
matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed |
| |
energy |
the ability to do work |
| |
potential energy |
stored energy, energy of position |
| |
kinetic energy |
energy of motion |
| |
chemical energy |
energy stored in chemical bonds |
| |
electromagnetic energy |
a form of energy that travels in waves, the light spectrum is part of it |
| |
temperature |
the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter |
| |
heat |
the total internal energy of a system |
| |
Kelvin |
a temperature scale based on the motion of particles |
| |
Celsius |
a temperature scale based on the freezing and boiling points of water |
| |
absolute zero |
the lowest temperature possible, at which all motion stops |
| |
Joule |
an SI unit for energy, NOT on American food wrappers |
| |
calorie |
a metric unit for energy, on American food labels, the amount of heat it takes to change the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius |
| |
specific heat |
the amount of heat it takes to change the temperature of 1 gram of a certain substance by 1 degree celsius |
| |
conservation of energy |
energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed |
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