| Term | Definition |
|
population density |
number of individuals of a particular species per unit area or volume |
|
exponential growth |
growth of a population that multiplies by a constant factor at constant time intervals |
|
limiting factor |
condition that restricts a population's growth, such as space, disease, and food availability |
|
carrying capacity |
number of organisms in a population that an environment can maintain |
|
density-dependent factor |
factor that limits a population more as population density increases |
|
density-independent factor |
factor unrelated to population density that limits a population |
|
age structure |
proportion of people in different age groups in a population |
|
interspecific competition |
competition between species that depend on the same limited resource |
|
competitive exclusion |
one species succeeding over another when the growth of both species is limited by the same resource |
|
niche |
unique living arrangement of an organism defined by its habitat, food sources, time of day it is most active, and other factors |
|
predation |
interaction in which one organism consumes another |
|
symbiotic relationship |
close interaction between species in which one species lives in or on the other |
|
parasitism |
relationship in which a parasitic organism obtains its food at the expense of a host organism |
|
mutualism |
type of symbiotic relationship in which both organisms involved benefit |
|
commensalism |
symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits, while the other organism is neither harmed nor helped |
|
ecological succession |
series of changes in the species in a community, often following a disturbance |
|
primary succession |
process by which a community arises in a virtually lifeless area with no soil |
|
secondary succession |
change following a disturbance that damages an existing community but leaves the soil intact |
|
introduced species |
species moved by humans to new geographic areas, either intentionally or accidentally |