 | Term | Definition |
| |
Eczema |
An inflammatory , highly itchy, usually chronic skin eruption; used synonymously with dermatitis. |
| |
Dermatitis |
An inflammatory , highly itchy, usually chronic skin eruption; used synonymously with eczema. |
| |
Erythema |
Reddening of the skin. |
| |
Scaling |
Epidermal loss of skin cells. |
| |
Vesicle formation |
Elevated fluid filled eruptions of the skin. |
| |
Pruritis |
Itching of the skin. |
| |
Wheal |
Final stage of immune reaction, consists of vesicle formation, erythema, edema, and pruruits; not raised. |
| |
Macule |
A non-palpable discrete area usually demarcated by a change of color. |
| |
Lichenification |
Thickening of the skin caused by scratching or rubbing. |
| |
Papule |
Elevated palpable lesion usually smaller than 5cm. |
| |
Pustule |
Lesion that contains pus; eg) acne |
| |
Atopic |
A term that relates to an immune system abnormality. |
| |
Keloid |
A hardened mass composed mainly of collagen. |
| |
Acute dermatitis |
Rapid response of skin to an irritant such as poison ivy or poison oak. |
| |
Edema |
Swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue. |
| |
Wet |
Lesions of acute dermatitis are often (wet/dry)? |
| |
F |
Pruritis in subacute dermatitis can range from moderate to intense. T or F |
| |
Thick |
Chronic dermatitis is associated with (thick/thin) skin. |
| |
Chronic |
Possible hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation at the site of dermatitis is associated with which form: acute, subacute, or chronic? |
| |
Acute Dermititis |
Ointments are not used in the treatment of this form of dermatitis. |
| |
Acute and Chronic Dermatitis |
Topical corticosteroids are used in these two forms of dermatitis. |
| |
Chronic Dermatitis |
Pt should initiate measures which lubricate the area in this form of dermatitis. |
| |
Chronic Dermatitis |
Warm water soaks are helpful in this form of dermatitis. |
| |
Subacute; wet dressings |
When the oozing from the area has stopped, the form of dermatitis is _________ and patient should discontinue (topical corticosteroids/wet dressings). |
| |
T |
Crease areas of the body such as the knees, elbows, and knuckles are more prone to dermatitis than are other areas of the body. T or F |
| |
Atopic Dermatitis |
Prevalence of _________ _________ is about 10% of the general population, or 30 million people. |
| |
10; 30 |
The prevalence of atopic dermatitis is about (#)% of the population, or about (#) million people. |
| |
unpredictable; decreases |
Atopic Dermatitis follows a (predictable/unpredictable) course throughout life and (increases/decreases) in intensity with age. |
| |
T |
Atopic Dermatitis is rarely present at birth but common in infants. T or F |
| |
Good skin hydration |
What is the main and most basic way of managing mild atopic dermatitis? |
| |
Psoriasis |
Chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent exacerbations and remissions of thickened, erythemous, and scaling lesions. |
| |
T |
Psoriasis is a lifelong relapsing and remitting disease. T or F |
| |
Whites |
Psoriasis is 10x more common in blacks or whites? |
| |
3;5 |
Psoriasis effects __ to __ million of the US population. |
| |
F |
Psoriasis occurs more frequently in males than females. T or F |
| |
15;27 |
Onset range of psoriasis is between the ages of __ and __. |
| |
T-helper 2 cells |
The immunologic pathway in atopic dermatitis involves overactivity of _______________. |
| |
T-helper 1 cells |
Attacks antigens found inside cells; cell mediated |
| |
T-helper 2 cells |
Attacks antigens found outside cells; antibody mediated |
| |
inside; cell |
T-helper 1 cells attack antigens found (inside/outside) cells and are (antibody/cell) mediated |
| |
outside; antibody |
T-helper 2 cells attack antigens found (inside/outside) cells and are (antibody/cell) mediated |
| |
Augmented Betamethasone-Diprolene |
Very High Potency Corticosteroid |
| |
Very High |
Augmented Betamethasone-Diprolene --> Very high, high, medium, or low potency corticosteroid? |
| |
Betamethasone-Diprosone |
High Potency Corticosteroid |
| |
High |
Betamethasone-Diprosone --> Very high, high, medium, or low potency corticosteroid? |
| |
Clocortolone pivalate |
Medium Potency Corticosteroid |
| |
Medium |
Clocortolone pivalate --> Very high, high, medium, or low potency corticosteroid? |
| |
Desonide-DesOwen |
Low Potency Corticosteroid |
| |
Low |
Desonide-DesOwen --> Very high, high, medium, or low potency corticosteroid? |
| |
Altered T-cell function |
What is the cause of Atopic Dermatitis? |
| |
Unknown |
What is the cause of Psoriasis? |
| |
internal; IgE; increased |
In regard to Atopic Dermatitis, the immune system is abnormally sensitive and the skin is responding to something (internal/external); There is increased ______ involvement along with (decreased/increased) histamine release. |
| |
Asthma; Allergic rhinitis; Atopic dermatitis |
The Atopic Triad is made up of ________, ________ ________, and ________ ________. |
| |
two; six; eight |
Infantile dermatitis occurs from birth until around _______ years of age and typical onset occurs around ______ to ______ weeks of age which corresponds with development of coordinated muscle activity. |
| |
Fifty |
_______ percent of infantile dermatitis cases are resolved by the age of 18 months. |
| |
Eighteen |
Fifty percent of infantile dermatitis cases are resolved by the age of ________ months. |
| |
Corticosteroids |
HCTZone, Triamcinolone-Kenalog, and Betamethasone-Diprolene are examples of topical ________. |
| |
Eighty |
Up to _______ percent of those who use topical corticosteroids can experience ADRs. |
| |
Corticosteroids |
Increased blood pressure, increased edema (water retention), increased blood glucose, moonface and/or buffalo hump, caterax, glaucoma, bone loss, peptic ulcer disease, and increased susceptibility to infections are all possible ADRs of ________. |
| |
T |
Long-term use of oral corticosteroids should be avoided. T or F |
| |
Antihistamines |
A possible treatment of atopic dermatitis are antipruritics like Cetirizine-Zyrtec and Loratidine-Claritin. These drugs are more generally referred to as (corticosteroids/glucocorticoids/antihistamines). |
| |
interleukin-2; decrease |
A possible treatment of atopic dermatitis are glucocorticoids such as Pimecrolimus-Elidel and Tacrolimus-Protopic. These are topical immunomodulators and inhibit ________ production and thereby helps to (increase/decrease) stimulation of the T-cell branch of the immune system. |
| |
Glucocorticoids |
Not considered a cure for atopic dermatitis but rather a short duration of therapy only recommended as a last resort type of therapy; associated with a cancer risk. (Corticosteroids/Antihistamines/Glucocorticoids) |
| |
F |
Irritant contact dermatitis is a type-IV cell mediated reaction that involves a delayed sensitivity reaction. T or F |
| |
F |
Allergic sensitization can last a lifetime and usually increases with age. T or F |
| |
Poison Ivy |
Five most common allergan in order of frequency: _________, paraphenylenediamine, nickel compounds, rubber compounds, ethylenediamine |
| |
Paraphenylenediamine |
Five most common allergan in order of frequency: poison ivy, _________, nickel compounds, rubber compounds, ethylenediamine |
| |
Nickel compounds |
Five most common allergan in order of frequency: poison ivy, paraphenylenediamine, _________, rubber compounds, ethylenediamine |
| |
Rubber compounds |
Five most common allergan in order of frequency: poison ivy, paraphenylenediamine, nickel compounds, _________, ethylenediamine |
| |
Ethylenediamine |
Five most common allergan in order of frequency: poison ivy, paraphenylenediamine, nickel compounds, rubber compounds, _________. |
| |
Contact; Antihistamines |
Caladryl and Ivarest are used in the treatment of (atopic/contact) dermatitis and are considered topical ________. |
| |
Corticosteroids; Long |
Methyprednisolone and prednisone are topical _________ used in the treatment of contact dermatitis. They are used used when symptoms have lasted a relative (long/short) amount of time. |
| |
Zinc Oxide-Desitin |
The number one recommended prescription for diaper rash. |
| |
Ivy Dry |
The number one recommended prescription for poison ivy. |
| |
Ten |
If more than ______ percent of the body is affected by contact dermatitis the patient should see their physician. |
| |
Atopic Dermatitis |
75% of cases remit by teens. (Atopic Dermatitis/Allergic Contact Dermatitis/Irritant Contact Dermatitis) |
| |
Allergic Contact Dermatitis |
Prior exposure essential. (Atopic Dermatitis/Allergic Contact Dermatitis/Irritant Contact Dermatitis) |
| |
Irritant Contact Dermatitis |
Rxn localized to contact area. (Atopic Dermatitis/Allergic Contact Dermatitis/Irritant Contact Dermatitis) |
| |
Allergic Contact Dermatitis |
Rxn may spread widely from contact area. (Atopic Dermatitis/Allergic Contact Dermatitis/Irritant Contact Dermatitis) |
| |
Atopic Dermatitis |
Cause: Itch-scratch cycles. (Atopic Dermatitis/Allergic Contact Dermatitis/Irritant Contact Dermatitis) |
| |
Allergic Contact Dermatitis |
Cause: Metals, dyes, antibiotics, poison ivy. (Atopic Dermatitis/Allergic Contact Dermatitis/Irritant Contact Dermatitis) |
| |
Irritant Contact Dermatitis |
Cause: Detergents, caustic agents. (Atopic Dermatitis/Allergic Contact Dermatitis/Irritant Contact Dermatitis) |
| |
F |
There are an abnormally low level of T-cells in the area of psoriasis lesions. T or F |
| |
activated; cytokines |
Regarding the initiation of psoriasis, T-cells are (deactivated/activated) then migrate into tissues and release inflammatory ________ which impair normal skin development. |
| |
T |
Psoriasis is often associated with other immune disorders. T or F |
| |
seven |
Psoriatic epidermal cells proliferate ________ times faster than normal epidermal cells. |
| |
Psoriasis |
There is a strong genetic component associated with _________. |
| |
thirty |
Psoriasis is considered severe if greater than ________ percent of the body surface area is affected. |
| |
Psoriasis |
Silver-white fine scales on the skin is associated with what disorder? |
| |
Auspitz sign |
Epidermis lifts off the surface of the skin and dermal capillaries get exposed. This is referred to as what? |
| |
Psoriasis |
Cold climate, stress, trauma, and infection are exogenous trigger factors associated with this disease. |
| |
Psoriasis |
Beta-adrenergic blockers and lithium carbonate are associated with this disease. |
| |
Guttate Psoriasis |
A relative less common form of psoriasis characterized by small red dots over large areas of the body (rain-drop type pattern); is often preceded by viral or streptococcal upper respiratory infection. |
| |
Children |
Guttate Psoriasis occurs almost exclusively in (men/women/children/elderly/blacks/whites) |
| |
T |
People with psoriasis are more susceptible to arthritis. T or F |
| |
F (there is no cure for psoriasis) |
There are multiple cures for psoriasis; treatments are chosen depending on severity of case. T or F |
| |
Topical medications, Phototherapy, Internal medications |
What are the three steps of the Psoriasis Treatment Ladder? |
| |
Internal medication |
Psoriasis Treatment Ladder: 1) Topical medication 2) Phototherapy 3) _________ |
| |
Topical medication |
Psoriasis Treatment Ladder: 1) _________ 2) Phototherapy 3) Internal medication |
| |
Phototherapy |
Psoriasis Treatment Ladder: 1) Topical medication 2) _________ 3) Internal medication |
| |
one; inhibit |
Coal tar preps such as Tegrin Lotion and T-gel Scalp Soln. are part of step _______ of the psoriasis treatment ladder; they (inhibit/stimulate) cell reproduction by crosslinking DNA. |
| |
T; Very High |
Topical corticosteroids are the initial therapy in the vast majority of psoriasis patients. T or F. (Low/Medium/High/Very High) potency preparations are used. |
| |
Psoriasis |
Topical retinoid therapy (Tazarotene-Tazorac), topical vitamin D therapy (Calcipotriene-Dovonex), climatotherapy (sunshine), and balneotherapy (saline-water bathing) and all topical treatments for what disease? |
| |
UVB; two |
(UVA/UVB) is the standard treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis. This is part of step ______ of the Psoriasis treatment ladder. |
| |
Increasing; Increasing; Lowering |
The MOA of phototherapy in the treatment of psoriasis involves immunosuppressive and antiproliferative effects. These include (increasing/decreasing) DNA synthesis, (increasing/decreasing) proliferation of skin cells, and (raising/lowering) immune response. |
| |
Psoralens |
Involved in phototherapy treatment of psoriasis; link to nucleotide base pairs to increase absorption of UV rays into skin. |
| |
Psoralens; UVA |
Photochemotherapy involves _________ and (UVA/UVB) light. |
| |
UVA |
Weak biological activity when used alone. (UVA or UVB) |
| |
UVB |
Biologically active. (UVA/UVB) |
| |
UVB |
Redness shows up faster and peaks faster. (UVA or UVB) |
| |
UVA |
Extreme erythema lasts longer after exposure to (UVA/UVB) light. |
| |
UVA |
Therapeutic to Psoriasis with psoralen sensitizer. |
| |
80; 100 |
UVA treatment of psoriasis gives (#) to (#) percent response. |
| |
fifty |
Psoriasis responds to UVB light ______ percent of the time. |
| |
Internal medication |
Used generally in more severe cases of psoriasis and typically symptoms come back after this is discontinued. |
| |
Chromophores |
Skin contains molecules known as _______ that absorb UV radiation. |
| |
Chromophores |
Melanin, hemoglobin, and DNA are examples of ________. |
| |
Squamous cell carcinoma; fifty |
Solar Keratoses are a precursor of ________ ________ ________ and are found in greater than ________ percent of fair-skinned elderly persons living in sunny regions. |
| |
Solar Keratoses |
Pre-cancerous skin lesions of the face or scalp; age spots; darkening of the skin; caused by chronic sun exposure |
| |
T |
The most common treatment for Solar keratoses is laser removal. T or F |
| |
F |
The most common treatment for Solar keratoses is topical treatment. T or F |
| |
is not |
Basal cell carcinoma (is/is not) life threatening. |
| |
is |
Melanoma (is/is not) life threatening |
| |
indirectly; directly |
Incidence of BCC and SCC is (directly/inversely) proportional to the amount of melanin pigment in epidermis and (directly/inversely) proportional to age. |
| |
UVB |
Contributes more to BCC and SCC. (UVA or UVB) |
| |
keratinocytes |
Squamous cell carcinoma involves malignant transformation of skin ________. |
| |
SCC |
Involves direct correlation with the cumulative total amount of sun exposure. (SCC or BCC) |
| |
BCC |
Involves intense intermittent exposure versus cumulative amount of sun exposure. (SCC or BCC) |
| |
SCC |
Higher mortality rate. (SCC or BCC) |
| |
BCC |
Less aggressive. (SCC or BCC) |
| |
T |
Patients with SCC or BCC often experience another carcinoma (25-50% of the time). T or F |
| |
UVB |
SPF labeling (SPF 15, SPF 30, etc) only measure (UVA/UVB) protection. |
| |
UVA |
(UVA/UVB) blockade is measured in a star system (1=low, 2=medium, 3=high, 4=highest) |
| |
Zinc Oxide |
______ ______ is transparent and still blocks UVA and UVB. |
| |
BCC |
More common (950k vs. 200k) (SCC or BCC) |
| |
T |
Nevi (moles) have a life cycle; They develop throughout childhood and adolescents and tend to disappear after the 40's. T or F |
| |
T |
Nevi are usually absent at birth. T or F |
| |
Men |
Melanoma is more common in (men/women). |
| |
Melanoma |
This type of sun-induced skin damage comprises only 4% of all skin cancers but is responsible for most deaths (80%). |
| |
Whites |
Melanoma is more common in (blacks/whites). |
| |
Elderly |
Melanoma is most common in (children/middle-aged/elderly). |
| |
sixty |
Lifetime risk of melanoma in the US is one in ________. |
| |
Melanoma |
In the past forty years this type of sun-induced skin damage has increased 300%. |
| |
Asymmetry of lesion |
Five Rules of appearance of melanoma: 1) _________, 2) border irregularity, 3) color variability, 4) diameter greater than 6 mm, 5) evolving |
| |
Border irregularity |
Five Rules of appearance of melanoma: 1) asymmetry of lesion, 2) __________, 3) color variability, 4) diameter greater than 6 mm, 5) evolving |
| |
Color variability |
Five Rules of appearance of melanoma: 1) asymmetry of lesion, 2) border irregularity, 3) _________, 4) diameter greater than 6 mm, 5) evolving |
| |
Diameter greater than 6 mm |
Five Rules of appearance of melanoma: 1) asymmetry of lesion, 2) border irregularity, 3) color variability, 4) __________, 5) evolving |
| |
Evolving |
Five Rules of appearance of melanoma: 1) asymmetry of lesion, 2) border irregularity, 3) color variability, 4) diameter greater than 6 mm, 5) _________ |
| |
F |
Melanoma is associated with low grade cumulative sun exposure rather than intermittent overexposure. T or F |
| |
F |
Melanoma rarely metastasizes to distant sites of the body. T or F |
| |
T |
Pathophysiology of Melanoma involved UV induced DNA damage and UV induced immunosuppression. T or F |
| |
T |
Melanoma involves a genetic predisposition. T or F |
| |
F |
There is increasing evidence that UVB is responsible for melanoma effects. |
| |
asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving |
The first word of the five rules of appearance of melanoma are ______, _______, ______, _____, and ______. |
| |
T |
Early detection; before lymph nodes get involved and especially before the melanoma metastasizes is key for survival. T or F |
| |
stimulating |
Interferons and interleukins used in biotherapy treatment of melanoma aid in (inhibiting/stimulating) the immune system of the patient. |
| |
Cytotoxic |
Chemotherapy used in melanoma treatment has anti-tumor effects through alkylation and direct _______ actions. |
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace