 | Term | Definition |
| |
protons |
pos charge, located in nucleus |
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neutrons |
neutral charge, located in nucleus |
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electrons |
negative charge, forms cloud around atom |
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atom |
neutral building blocks of molecules |
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chain of atoms |
PROTONS/NEUTRONS/ELECTRONS(ATOMS);MOLECULES;COMPOUNDS;ELEMENTS;IONS;ISOTOPES |
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atomic number |
# of protons in an atom |
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atomic mass |
# of everything: electrons, protons, and neutrons |
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atoms to ions |
change # of electrons, because electrons are negative |
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ion |
or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
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ionic compound |
example of an ionic compound is table salt, NaCl |
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molecule |
a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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compound |
composed of two or more parts, elements, or ingredients |
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isotope |
(Different versions) atoms of the same element but with different neutrons (siblings in a family) |
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valence electrons |
Electrons in the outermost level, or shell, Atoms tend to combine with each other such that eight electrons will be in this. |
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bonding |
electrons achieving stability by filling their outer energy level. Chemical bonds form between groups of atoms because most atoms become stable when they have eight electrons in the valence shell. |
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ionic bonding |
atoms gaining/losing electrons, the attractive force between oppositely charged ions. Ionic Compound Ex: Salt. This results in a positive or negative charge. |
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ionic bonding process (4 STEPS) |
1.Gain/lose electrons in order for atom to become stable 2.Atoms become ions (Change # of protons) 3.Opposite charges attract 4.Should have 8 in outer |
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hydrogen bonding |
When bonded to an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom has a partial charge nearly as great as a proton's charge. Ex: the two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases. |
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covalent bonding |
two different types of bonding: polar vs. nonpolar |
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polar |
Molecules with partial charges on opposite ends. The partially charged ends of polar molecules attract opposite charges |
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non-polar |
Nonpolar substances, such as oil, grease, and wax, do not dissolve well in water. Instead, they remain together in clumps or a separate layer. The reason is that water molecules are more attracted to each other than to the nonpolar molecules. |
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atomic bonding vs. stability |
things have to bond to make them stable |
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relationship between elements and atoms |
atoms are in elements |
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relationship between atoms and molecules |
atoms make up molecules |
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difference between molecules and compounds |
compounds are 2+ molecules |
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difference between atom and ion |
ion is a charged atom |
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why cant you change # of neutrons to create an ion? |
because that cant change the charge, (neutral) |
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isotopes change:mass or number? |
atomic mass, |
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losing electrons |
positive |
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gaining electrons |
negative |
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