 | Term | Definition |
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First Triumvariate |
Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus split the ruling of Rome three ways. Crassus passes away, Caesar and Pompey have a standoff. Caesar takes his army to Rome and declares himself dictator. Pompey goes to egypt to hide and is beheaded |
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Julius Caesar |
100-44 BCE first Rooman dictator for life, conquers gaul, crosses the rhine and explores germania, was a senator, but becomes part of the triumvariate, assassinated by senators when he takes over rome by moving his army to the senate chambers. |
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Second Triumvariate |
Marc Antony, Ledipus, and Octavian create this group. they first focus on killing the senators and personal enemies, but end up fighting amongst themselves. Lepidus leaves, Octavian and Marc Antony face off for Rome |
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Octavian |
"Augustus" part of second triumvariate and Julius Caesar's Heir. becomes emperor after the battle of Actium |
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Battle of Actium |
Battle between Marc Antony and Cleopatra vs. Octavian. Octavian won and became the single most powerful man in Rome. 32 BCE |
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Augustus Caesar |
Called himself Self-Principate, has sole power of armed forces in Rome, is the high priest of Rome. Wanted bachelors to marry, lays groundwork for the Emperors, started the tradition of picking the succesor, started Pax Romana |
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Pax Romana |
a period of Roman Peace from 27 to 180 CE. This time allowed Roman Culture to spread and flourish throughout the Empire. |
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Julio-Claudian Dynasty |
Dyansty consisting of Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. First Roman Dynasty |
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Emperor Claudius |
Caligulus's Uncle, 41-54, good emperor, stuttered, limped,adds Britain to Empire, he gave slaves a few rights, sat judge for the people, was poisoned by his cousin and wife who wanted her son Nero to be Emperor |
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Destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem |
Jewish Revolt in 68 led to this. Romans tried to put statues in the temple, sparking the revolt. there was never another temple after this one. |
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Trajan |
1 of the 5 good emperors, 98-117 made rome biggest ever, focused mainly on romanizing cities within the empire |
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Hadrian's Wall |
73 miles defending Roman territories in Britain. Symbolic of Roman power |
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Second Jewish Uprising |
During Hadrian's rule, 132-135. Hadrian moved to crush this revolt and forbid Torah law, the Jewish calendar, Renamed Jerusalem and sold many Jews into slavery |
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Paul of Tarsus |
St. Paul, the founder of Christianity. Traveled around the Roman empire and made Christianity different than Judaism |
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Diocletian's edicts against the Christians |
303 Persecutes the Christians, forced them out of the army, could confiscate church property, wanted them to renounce their faith or die. |
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Edict of Milan |
banned state persecutions of Christians |
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Theodosius |
392, made Christianity the official state religion, forbid Olympics because of Paganism, was last emperor of united Rome, split into 2 parts. |
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Tetrachy |
the rule of four, theodosius made the romans, this led to the breakup of the roman empire to two parts |
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catacombs |
Roman tombs where Christians met and could practice their faith without being Crucified |
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Nicene Creed |
Athanasius vs, Arius, an argument over the holy trinity, in which the one we use today is stil here |
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Bishop of Rome |
Roman Emperor picks pope, St. Benedict is the first. he says monastiscism needs to withdraw from society, makes monks copiers. |
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Monasticism |
withdrawal from society,, the religious practice in which one renounces worldly pursuits in order to fully devote one's life to spiritual work |
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Benedict and the Benedictine monastaries |
First pope, invented Monasticism |
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Jerome |
340-420, translates bible from hebrew to greek to latin, read widely, spreads Jerome's sexism |
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Augustine, Bishop of Hippo |
reformed party boy, wrote the City of God, creates ideas of Just War and Pedestination |
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Vulgate |
widely read text of translated bible by Jerome |
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Arianism |
the idea that Jesus was man, that the holy trinity did not work. Rejected by Nicene Creed |
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Byzantine Empire |
Eastern Half of Roman Empire, Capita, rose out of the split of East and Western Roman Empire; lasted another 1000 years; kept Hellenism alive; fell in 1453 by the Ottomans |
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Byzantium |
the city to which Constantine moved the capital of the Roman empire. This shifted all of the power to the East. |
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Constantine the Great |
Roman ruler (312-37); reunited E and W Roman empires and made new capital (Constantinople) on the site of Byzantium; Issued the Edict of Milan which legalized Christianity in 313. |
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Justinian |
Built Hagia Sophia, strong ruler, believed in many traditions, Theodora, wife, was a stripper, made the Corpus Jusis Civilis,, Codified Roman Law |
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Hagia Sophia |
Great Orthodox Church, is currently a mosque |
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Cyrillic |
A script used by people today in Eastern Europe by Cyril, uses Greek letters |
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Corpus Juris Civilis |
A new code of law created by Justinian. did not give Jews rights, very conservative, basis of Byzantine beliefs, from Roman Law |
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Servitus Judaeorum |
means servitude of the Jews, they have no rights in Byzantine, has led to Anti Jewish Sentiment throughout the world |
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Koran |
the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina |
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Mohammed |
the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) |
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Mecca |
City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. (p. 230) |
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Two Testimonies of Islam |
1 There is no God but God (Allah) 2. Muhammed is the messenger of God |
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Five Pillars of Islam |
faith believe in no god but allah, prayer pray five times a day, alms give to the poor, fasting fast during the month of Ramadam, Pilgramage go to Mecca at least once in your life |
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Sunni/ Shi'a Split |
Sunni's want the strongest to be the ruler, Shi'a want it to follow the family rule, civil war after muhammeds death |
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