 | Term | Definition |
| |
cystitis, urethritis |
infection of the bladder, urethra; risks women-sexual activity and diabetes; risks men-homosexual activity, prostate, lack of circumcision, AIDS; both-obstruction, instrumentation, residual urine; use of catheters |
| |
interstitial cystitis |
painful bladder symdrome; related to chemo, radiation, autoimmune, immunocompromised; no bacterial identified; inflammation/fibrosis of bladder wall |
| |
urinary tract infection |
occur in urethra, bladder, or prostate; pyelonephritis include infection of the ureters and kidney, diagnosed with clean catch urine spec; evidence of blood, bacteria and WBC; symptoms-gen. inf. symp. CV tenderness, burning/pain with urination |
| |
glomerulonephritis |
acute-from beta strep; can progress to chronic form; symptoms-related to infection plus CVA tenderness, renal malfunction, anorexia, malaise |
| |
renal calculi |
renal stones, urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, high level of mineral in urine |
| |
lower urinary tract obstruction |
caused by neurogenic problems or obstruction after bladder (prostate) |
| |
polycystic kidney disease |
dilation of the collecting ducts that appear as if they are cysts; autosomal dominant and recessive types; symptoms-UTI, flank pain, hematuria, hypertension; supportive, dialysis transplantation |
| |
renal cancer |
85% chance of malignancy; men, smoker, >55 exposure cadmium; classic triad: flank mass, painless hematuria, changes in urinary function |
| |
bladder cancer |
common in men who smoke and are over 60; fifth most common malignancy; painles hematuria |
| |
anuria |
usually less than 50 ml/24 hrs, almost no urination |
| |
oliguria |
usually 100-500 ml/24 hrs, low urination |
| |
polyuria |
not well defined |
| |
nephritic syndrome |
inflammation of the glomerulous; immune reactions; hematuria, proteinuria, NA and flid retention-edema, hypertension, occasional oliguria, loss of proteins/decrease immunoglobulins, hyperlipidemia |
| |
uremic syndrome |
accumulation of urine substances in blood; decrease K and H excretion (acidosis); stimulation of parathyroid to incrase Ca absorp in Gi with >HCL acid; anemia due to decrase in erythropoietin; changes in drug excretion; cardio problems-increase workload on heart, fluid overload, and increase in renin |
| |
renal failure |
kidney's unable to regulate body functions related to water, electrolytes, and pH; >BUNnd creat; >K, phos, Mag; anemia |
| |
acute renal failure |
may be reversible if insult if removed; phases: oliguric, diuretic-can become dehydrated, recovery-can last up to 6 months |
| |
chronic renal failure |
ephrotic syndrome and uremia; renal insufficiently-25% of normal; ESRD-5-10% of function; elderly more susceptibledue to already normal aging |
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