Set: Chemistry of Life

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All 108 Terms

Term Definition
matter anything that has mass and takes up space
energy anything that brings about change
atoms matter is made up of
proton positive charge/inside nucleus
neutron no charge/inside nucleus
electron negative charge/outside the nucleus
electron part of the atom involved in chemical reactions
energy holds the parts of an atom together
element something made up of only one kind of atom
element can't be broken down into a simpler form by chemical reactions
periodic table of elements all elements are arranged in a chart known as the
true everything is made up of elements
true few things exist as pure elements
oxygen and carbon what two elements make up most of your body
compounds made up of two or more elements in exact proportions
molecule the smallest part of a molecular compound
molecule group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds
ions electrically charged atoms
positive when an atom loses an electron it has what charge
negative when an atom gains an electron it has what charge
molecular compounds form when different atoms share their outermost electrons
ionic compounds form electrically neutral compounds
mixture combination of substances in which individual substances retain their own properties
true mixtures can be solids, liquids, or gases
solution where two or more substances are mixed evenly
solutions most chemical reactions in living organisms take place in mixtures called
suspensions formed when a liquid or a gas has another substance evenly spread throughout it
true unlike solutions, the substances in a suspension eventually sink to the bottom
organic these compounds always contain carbon and hydrogen and usually are associated with living things
inorganic rocks and other nonliving things usually contain these compounds
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids four groups of organic compounds that make up all living things
carbohydrates organic molecules that supply energy for cell processes
sugars and starches carbohydrates that cells use for energy
lipids store and release large amounts fo energy long term
fats and oils examples of lipids
proteins made up of smaller molecules called amino acids
proteins building blocks of many structures in organisms
enzymes regulate nearly all chemical reactions in cells
proteins enzymes, skin and hair are examples of these
nucleic acids large organic molecules that store important coded information in cells are called
DNA nucleic acid found in all cells that carries information that directs each cell's activities
RNA nucleic acid needed to make enzymes and other proteins
inorganic most of these compounds are made from elements other than carbon
water one of the most important inorganic compounds for living things is
true inorganic molecules contain fewer atoms than organic molecules
true inorganic compounds are the source for many elements needed by living things
50% living things are composed of more than what % of water
true you can live weeks without food
false you can live weeks without water
true all the chemical reactions in living things take place in water solutions
true most organisms use water to transport materials through their bodies
true water molecules are like magnets
move faster when heat is added to any substance, its molecules begin to
true the temperature of water changes slowly
true the large percentage of water in living things acts like an insulator
true the water in a cell helps keep its temperature constant
true a cell's membrane is selectively permeable
passive transport the movement of substances through the cell membrane without the input of energy
diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion three types of passive transport
diffusion random movement of molecules from an area where there is relatively more of them into an area where there is relatively fewer of them
diffusion smelling perfume is an example of this
equilibrium diffusion stops when this is reached
equilibrium molecules of a substance will continue to move from one area into another until the relative number of these molecules is equal in the two areas. when this occurs, what is it called
diffusion blood reaching different body parts is an example of what type of passive transport
osmosis the diffusion of water through a cell membrane
facilitated diffusion when substances are so large that they can enter the cell only with the help of molecules in the cell membrane called transport proteins
active transport when an input of energy is required to move materials through a cell membrane
true active transport involves transport proteins just as facilitated diffusion does
vesicles transport and storage structures in a cell's cytoplasm
endocytosis process of taking substances into a cell by surrounding it with the cell membrane is called
exocytosis when a vesicle's membrane fuses with a cells's membrane, and the vesicle's contents are released, it is called
true transport proteins can be used many times
true vesicles are formed when a cell takes in a substance by endocytosis
true all of the activities of an organism involve chemical reactions
metabolism the total of all chemical reactions in an organism is called
enzymes the chemical reactions of metabolism need these
true enzymes can cause molecules to break apart or to join
false enzymes can only be used once in chemical reactions
producers and consumers living things are divided into these two groups based on how they obtain their food
producers organisms that make their own food
consumers organisms that cannot make their own food
photosynthesis producers use light energy to make sugars which can be used as food during this
true photosynthesis is converting light energy into chemical energy
chlorophyll producers that use photosynthesis are usually green because they contain this green pigment
chloroplasts chlorophyll is found in these
true chlorophyll is used to capture light energy in photosynthesis
sugar and oxygen the captured light energy in photosynthesis powers chemical reactions that produce these two things
carbon dioxide and water what 2 raw materials are used with light energy in photosynthesis to produce sugar
true plants make more sugar than they need for survival during photosynthesis
starches excess sugar made during photosynthesis is changed and stored as what
true no matter what you eat, photosynthesis was involved directly or indirectly in its production
respiration when chemical reactions occur that break down food molecules into simpler substances and release their stored energy
true enzymes are needed for the chemical reactions of respiration
carbohydrates the food molecules that are most easily broken down by cells are
glucose molecules carbohydrates are broken down into what kind of molecules
energy as glucose molecules are broken down what is released
carbon dioxide and water these two things are produced as wastes during respiration
true respiration occurs in the cells of all living things
fermentation when cells do not have enough oxygen for respiration they use what process/ changing simple molecules and releasing energy
true like respiration, fermentation begins in the cytoplasm
mitochondria during respiration, as glucose molecules are broken down, the simple molecules from the breakdown move into the
false during fermentation, as glucose molecules are broken down, the simple molecules from the breakdown move into the mitochondria
lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide wastes produced during fermentation
cytoplasm where in a cell does fermentation take place
true the chemical reactions of photosynthesis and respiration could not take place without each other
what is produced by one is used by the other how are photosynthesis, respiration and fermentation related
carbon dioxide and water what two things are produced during respiration that are used for photosynthesis
sugars and oxygen what two things produced by photosynthesis are used by respiration

Set Information

Terms 108
Creator taylorpanther
Created October 25, 2008
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Most Missed Words

  1. lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide → wastes produced during fermentation - 8 misses
  2. sugars and starches → carbohydrates that cells use for energy - 7 misses
  3. ionic compounds → form electrically neutral compounds - 6 misses
  4. electron → part of the atom involved in chemical reactions - 6 misses
  5. true → few things exist as pure elements - 5 misses
  6. element → can't be broken down into a simpler form by chemical reactions - 4 misses
  7. RNA → nucleic acid needed to make enzymes and other proteins - 4 misses