Set: 3 pathophysiology: pulmonary

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With group: ORU nursing class of '11
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All 34 Terms

Term Definition
dyspnea the subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing, the feeling of being unable to get enough air
signs of dyspnea flating of nostrils, reaction (pulling back) of intercostal spaces, retractions of tissue between the ribs
orthopnea dyspnea when the individual is lying down
resting ventilatory rate 8-16 breathes/min and 400-800 mL
cheyne-stokes respirations tidal volume gradually increases followed by gradual decrease and a period of apnea before returning to a normal respiratory pattern; from conditions that slow blood flow to the brainstem
kussmaulrespiration (hyperpnea) deep, rapid respiration commonly seen in conditions causing acidosis
hypoventilation inadequate alveolar ventilation inelation to metabolic demands; CO2 removal does not keep up with production and level increases in arterial blood causing hypercapnia
hyperventilation alveolar ventilation exceeding metabolic demands; lungs remove CO2 faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism
hypocapnia decreased amount of CO2 in the blood resulting from respiratory alkalosis
cyanosis bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes; reduced hemoglobin in blood
clubbing selective bulbous enlargement of the end of a finger or toe
cough protective reflex that cleanses the lower air-ways explosive expiration
hemoptysis coughing up of blood or bloody secretions
hypercapnia increased amount of CO2 in the blood: depression of respiratory center by drugs; diseases of the medulla;
hypoxemia reduced oxygenation of arterial blood; results from: oxygen delivery to the alveoli, diffusion of oxygen fromt eh alveoli into the blood, perfusion of pulmonary capillaries
respiratory failure inadequate gas exchange where either oxygen is too low or carbon dioxide is too high
pulmonary edema excess water in the lung, HD, diminishes gas exchange
aspiration fluid of solids that have gotten into the lungs
atelectasis lung tissue collapses due to external pressure or due to removal of air due to absorption or hypoventilation
bronchiectasis abnormal dilation of the bronchi often associated with obstruction and plugs, loss of elasticity
bronchiolitis inflammatory obstruction
pneumothorax gas or air enterspleural space separating lung from rib cage and destroying the negative pressure gradient
pleural effusion presence of fluid in the pleural space; results from fluid coming through capillaries
empyema pleural effusion where the fluid is pus
flail chest fractures causing instability of chest wall, paradoxic movent, impairs gas exchange
pulmonary fibrosis excessive fibrous or connective tissue i lung
asthma inflammatory response results in bronchial smooth musc spasm, vascular congestion, edema, production of thick mucous, impaired mucociliary function, thickening of airway walls and hyperresponsiveness; toxic neuropeptides cause acetylcholine-mediated bronchospasm
emphysema permanent enlargement of gas exchange airways with destruction of alveolar walls
tuberculosis infection caused by myobacterium; MDR strains; phagocytes engulf bacilli; form granulomatous tubercle, changing to cheeselike caseation necrosis and scar tissue
acute bronchitis infection of airway usually caused by virus; manifests like pneumonia with fever, chills, cough
pulmonary embolism occlusion of the pulmonary vascular ed by emboli, can cause lung infarction
croup usually viral laryngealtracheobronchitis, edema and mucous cause airway to narrow, barking cough
bronchopulmonary dysplasia neonatal lung injury usually a result of premature birth or respiratory support during perinatal period; poor formation of alveoli; hypoxema and hypercapnea; pulmonary hypertension
cystic fibrosis autosomal recessive inherited disease on chromosome 7; causes abnormal expression of a protein affecting airway, bile duts, pancreas, sweat ducts and vas deferens

Set Information

Terms 34
Creator prvrbs_31
Created October 26, 2008
Group ORU nursing class of '11
Subjects None
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Most Missed Words

  1. aspiration → fluid of solids that have gotten into the lungs - 6 misses
  2. bronchiectasis → abnormal dilation of the bronchi often associated with obstruction and plugs, loss of elasticity - 6 misses
  3. bronchopulmonary dysplasia → neonatal lung injury usually a result of premature birth or respiratory support during perinatal period; poor formation of alveoli; hypoxema and hypercapnea; pulmonary hypertension - 5 misses
  4. bronchiolitis → inflammatory obstruction - 4 misses
  5. pulmonary fibrosis → excessive fibrous or connective tissue i lung - 4 misses
  6. atelectasis → lung tissue collapses due to external pressure or due to removal of air due to absorption or hypoventilation - 4 misses
  7. empyema → pleural effusion where the fluid is pus - 4 misses