| Term | Definition |
|
calorie |
amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius |
|
glycolysis |
first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
|
cellular respiration |
process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
|
NAD+ |
electron carrier involved in glycolysis |
|
fermentation |
process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen |
|
anaerobic |
process that does not require oxygen |
|
aerobic |
process that requires oxygen |
|
Krebs cycle |
second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions |
|
electron transport chain |
a series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP |