 | Term | Definition |
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3 Steps to Infection |
Invasion, Multiplication, Reaction |
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elective localization site |
area in which the organism perfers to attach |
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infection |
when a microrganism or a certain living agent enters the body of a human or an animal, multiplies and causes a reaction |
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contamination |
the mere presence of infectious material; the act of introducing disease, germs, or infectious material into an area or substance |
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2 types of organisms |
True Pathogen and Opportunist |
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true pathogen |
real or genuwine disease producing organism (sets out to cause you harm) |
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opportunist |
an organism that exist as part of the normal flora but may become pathogenic under certain conditions |
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pathogenicity |
the ability of a pathogen to overcome the defensive powers of the host and to induce disease |
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virulence |
the degree of pathogenicity possessed by the organism to produce disease;the degree of intensity of the disease produced |
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attenuated |
a loss in disease producing ability;an organism whose virulence is decreased |
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Primary infection |
an original infection from which a second infection can occur |
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secondary infection |
an infection caused by a different organism then the one causing the primary infection |
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mixed infection |
an infection caused by 2 or more organisms |
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local infection |
an infection confined to 1 anatomical position |
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focal infection |
an infection confined to 1 anatomical spot from which infectious material spread to other parts of the body |
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general infection |
an infection that becomes systemic |
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acute infection |
an infection that runs a rapaid course with severe manifestations (between 12-48 hours) |
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chronic infection |
long lasting infection with less severe manifestations (48 hours and beyond) |
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ENdogenous infection |
an infection that comes from an organism that is normally present in the body (aka opportunist) |
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EXOgenous infection |
an infection in which the causitive agent reaches the body from the outside and enters through one of the portals of entry |
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non-communicable |
one whose agent is normally inhabiting the body and only occassionaly producing disease. or resides outside the body producing disease only when introduced into the body) |
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communicable |
one whose agent is directly or indirectly transmitted from host to host |
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incidence |
number of new cases per block of population in a specific time |
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prevalence |
number of cases in existance at any given time in that population |
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sporadic |
an occasional case in a community or in a scatter of instances |
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endemic |
a disease that occurs continously in a particular region but has a low mortality rate |
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epidemic |
an appearence of infectious disease or condition that attacks many people at the same time in the same geographical area |
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pandemic |
an infectious disease affecting the majority of a population of a large region, or onethat is an epidemic at the same time in many parts of the world |
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Septicemia |
when bacteria enters the blood stream, multiply, causing an infection of the blood stream itself |
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bacteremia |
when bacteria enter the blood stream and do NOT multiply; or the presence of a viable (living, thriving) in the blood stream. |
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toxemia |
when bacteria distribute toxins, and the toxins enter the blood stream causing an infection |
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factors that influence the virulence of a microbe |
has a capsule, pili, spores, toxin producer, enzyme producer |
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2 types of toxin prodcers |
exotoxin and endotoxin |
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exotoxin |
toxin produced by a bacterial cell released into its environment when the bacterial cell is alive |
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endotoxin |
toxin produced by a bacterail cell when it dies or disinergrates |
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2 types of an exotoxin |
hemolysin and leucocidin |
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hemolysin |
toxin released by the bacterial cell hat will lysis or destroy red blood cells |
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leucocidin |
a toxin that will lysis or destroy white blood cells |
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sources of infection in communicable diseases |
active carrier, passive carrier, and human carrier |
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active carrier |
an animal or human that has an infection you could see and/or identify the symptoms |
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passive carrier |
an animal or human that has NO infection but the pathogen is in or on the carrier with no interaction |
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human carrier |
a human that has the infection but is A-Systemic (not presenting) |
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infections cannot live in a lifeless environmen |
sources of infection in a communicable disease |
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there must be a resvivor for the infection |
sources of infection in a communicable disease |
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