 | Term | Definition |
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Atom |
The smallest possible fragment in a single Element |
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Nucleus |
The center of an Atom. Protons and Neutrons are located here. |
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Electron Cloud |
The area inside at atom. It contains Electrons. |
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Proton |
A positively charged particle inside an Atom. It's located in the Nucleus, and the number of Protons in an Element is equivalent to the |
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Ionic Bond |
A bond between two atoms to form a compound. The two atoms are linked together when one of them looses an Elecron, forming a positive ion, and the Electron is transferred to the other atom, creating a negative ion. The atoms are attracted to one another, forming a bond. |
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Element |
Any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter. |
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Isotope |
One of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of Neutrons. |
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Compound |
A substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight. |
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Ions |
Positive or negative charges that occur in atoms. |
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Covalent Bond |
A type of bond that occurs when two atoms share Electrons, as opposed to transporting them from one to the other, as in an Ionic Bond. |
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Molecule |
The most basic form of an Element or Compound. It is made up of two or more atoms of either the same type, in Elements, or different types, as in Compounds, |
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van der Walls Forces |
Attraction between molecules. This is unlike Ionic or Covalent Bonds, as the molecules are attracted to one another, instead of the atoms within the molecules. |
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Chemical Reaction |
A chemical change that occurs when two or more Elements or Compounds come in contact. |
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Reactant |
The Compounds or Elements involved in a chemical reaction. |
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Product |
The result of a chemical reaction. |
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Activation Energy |
Energy needed to get a Chemical Reaction started. |
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Catalyst |
Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. They can be biological or artificial. |
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Enzymes |
Proteins that act as biological catalysts. |
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Substrate |
A reaction catalyzed by an enzyme. |
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Cohesion |
Attraction between water molecules and other water molecules. |
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Adhesion |
Attraction between water and a separate substance. This causes things to be wet. |
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Mixture |
Non-chemical combination of multiple Elements or Compounds. |
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Solution |
A mixture involving liquid. It is the result of something being dissolved into water. |
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Solute |
The substance that is dissolved. |
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Solvent |
The substance is which the solute is dissolved. |
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Suspension |
The mixture of water and something else that doesn't cause something to be dissolved. |
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pH Scale |
The official scale that measures the intensity of Acids and Bases. |
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Acid |
A substance with a pH less than that of 7. The lower it is, the more powerful the Acid. |
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Base |
A substance with a pH above 7. The higher it is, the more powerful the Base. |
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Monomer |
A single unit of a Macromolecule. They are small in comparison. |
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Polymer |
A molecule made up of several monomers. |
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Carbohydrate |
A type of sugar that provides plants and animals with energy. It is one of the four primary macromolecules. |
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Monosaccharide |
A single molecule of sugar. |
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Polysaccharide |
A large molecule of sugar made up of several monosaccharides. |
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Lipid |
A biological molecule that is not soluble in water. It is one of the four primary macromolecules. |
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Nucleic Acid |
One of the four primary macromolecules. It's made up of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus. |
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Nucleotide |
The monomer of a Nucleic Acid. The two types of Nucleotides are DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid). |
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RNA |
It contains the sugar called Ribose. |
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DNA |
It contains the sugar called Deoxyribose. |
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Protein |
One of the four primary Macromolecules. It contains Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. |
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Amino Acid |
Compounds with the Amino Group on one end, and the Carboxyl Group on the other. It's the monomer of Protein. |
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chemical reaction |
the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. |
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reactant |
one of the chemical substances involved in a chemical reaction. |
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product |
the result of a chemical reaction. |
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activation energy |
energy needed to start up a chemical reaction. |
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catalyst |
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. |
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enzyme |
biological catalyst |
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substrate |
reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions |
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