 | Term | Definition |
| |
atom |
basic unit of matter |
| |
nucleus |
center of the atom |
| |
electron |
negatively charged particle |
| |
element |
pure substance that consist entirely of 1 element |
| |
isotopes |
atom of the same element that have a different number of nuetrons |
| |
compound |
susbstance formed by the chemical combonation of 2 or more elements |
| |
ionic bond |
formed when 1 or more electrons is transferred from 1 atom to another |
| |
ion |
positively and negatively charged atoms, happens when atom gains or looses and elctron |
| |
convalant bond |
electrons are shared btw atoms |
| |
molecule |
is the smallest unit of most compounds |
| |
van der waal forces |
intermolecular forces of attraction |
| |
cohesion |
attraction btw molecules of the same substance |
| |
adhesion |
attraction btw moleucules of different substances |
| |
mixture |
material composed of 2 elements that are phisically mixed but not chemically combined |
| |
solute |
substance that is dissolved |
| |
solevt |
substance in which the solute is dissolved in |
| |
solution |
evenly distributed |
| |
suspensions |
mixtures of water and non dissolved substances |
| |
pH scale |
indicates consentration of H+ ions |
| |
acid |
below 7 H+ ions |
| |
base |
above 7H+ ions |
| |
buffers |
weak bases or acids that react with stronger bases or acids |
| |
monomers |
small units that form poymers |
| |
polymers |
formed from monomers |
| |
monosaccharides |
single sugar molecules |
| |
polysacaaharide |
large macromolecules formed from monosaccahrides |
| |
necleotides |
consists of 5 carbon sugar, phospahte group, and nitro base |
| |
chemical reaction |
process that changes one set of chemicals into another |
| |
reactants |
chemicals that enter intoa chemical reaction |
| |
activation energy |
energy that is needed to start a reaction |
| |
catalyst |
substance that speeds up rate of reaction |
| |
enzymes |
proteins that act as biological catalysts |
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