 | Term | Definition |
| |
xylem |
conducts water and minerals |
| |
phloem |
conducts nutrients |
| |
tracheid |
a long and thin xylem cell |
| |
vessel element |
a short and fat xylem cell |
| |
root hair |
increases the surface area of roots |
| |
root |
absorb water and minerals and anchors the plant |
| |
sieve-tube element |
a cell that carries nutrients (part of the phloem vessels) |
| |
companion cell |
a cell that supports sieve tube elements |
| |
monocot |
has one cotyledon, parallel veins, flower parts in multiples of 3 |
| |
dicot |
has two cotyledons, branched veins, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5 |
| |
cotyledon |
an embryonic seed leaf; stores all nutrients for the embryo at the beginning of germination |
| |
gametophyte |
produces haploid gametes |
| |
seta |
the stalk of a sporophyte |
| |
foot |
part of the sporophyte that anchors onto the gametophyte |
| |
capsule |
alternate name for sporangium |
| |
sporophyte |
produces spores |
| |
meristem |
an unspecialized, actively dividing cell |
| |
primary growth |
growth that increases length |
| |
secondary growth |
growth that increases width |
| |
apical meristem |
a tissue that carries out primary growth |
| |
lateral meristem |
a tissue that carries out secondary growth |
| |
vascular cambium |
produces secondary xylem and phloem |
| |
secondary xylem |
replaces primary xylem (in woody plants) |
| |
secondary phloem |
replaces primary phloem (in woody plants) |
| |
cork cambium |
produces tissues of the outer bark |
| |
lenticel |
allows for gas exchange through the bark |
| |
stele |
inner concentric cylinder of the root |
| |
pericycle |
undifferentiated meristematic tissue that surrounds the stele |
| |
spine |
a modified leaf for protection |
| |
stamen |
male reproductive organ of the flower |
| |
anther |
produces pollen grains |
| |
pollen grain |
a sperm cell (microspore) |
| |
filament |
thin stalk that holds up the anther |
| |
carpel |
female reproductive organ of the flower |
| |
stigma |
sticky part of the pistil that captures pollen grains |
| |
style |
stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary |
| |
ovary |
where fertizilation takes place |
| |
ovule |
contains female gametophytes; will develop into a fruit |
| |
endosperm |
a triploid structure that forms when a sperm nucleus fuses with two polar nuclei; food for the embryo |
| |
epicotyl |
tip of a seedling; becomes the stems and leaves |
| |
hypocotyl |
stem below cotyledons; becomes the roots |
| |
radicle |
well-defined embryonic root (early development) |
| |
phytochrome |
light receptor pigment |
| |
short-day plant |
requires long nights; blooms in late summer or fall |
| |
long-day plant |
requires short nights; blooms in late spring or summer |
| |
day-neutral plant |
a plant that doesn't respond to daylight changes, rather, temperature or water |
| |
vegetative propagation |
asexual reproduction |
| |
bulb |
short, underground stem |
| |
runner |
horizontal, above-ground stem |
| |
tuber |
underground stem |
| |
grafting |
attaching a stem of one species to another |
| |
phototropism |
response to light |
| |
gravitropism |
response to gravity |
| |
tropism |
turning response to a stimulus |
| |
thigmotropism |
response to touch |
| |
auxin |
hormone that promotes growth, cell elongation, fruit development |
| |
gibberellin |
hormone that promotes stem elongation (esp. dwarf plants) |
| |
cytokinin |
hormone that promotes cell division and cytokinesis |
| |
ethylene |
hormone that promotes leaf abscission and fruit ripening |
| |
abscisic acid |
hormone that promotes bud and seed dormancy and inhibits leaf abscission |
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