 | Term | Definition |
| |
date of big bang |
15 bya |
| |
galaxy |
collection of debris |
| |
sun |
center of solar system |
| |
big bang theory |
creation of solar systems, sun and planets, and other space debris |
| |
first cells on planet |
archaebacteria |
| |
cell requirements |
membrane (lipid bilayer), cytoplasm, genetic material |
| |
birth of sun |
5 bya |
| |
birth of earth |
4.6 bya |
| |
early earth |
swirling, no water but waver vapor, roiling pools of volcanic lava, atmosphere a blanket of gases |
| |
first elements/compounds in atmosphere |
H2O, CO2, N2, H2, CH4, H2S, CO |
| |
date of prokaryote fossils |
3.5 bya |
| |
date of eukaryote fossils |
2.2 bya |
| |
paleontologist |
studies fossils from an old site |
| |
actual hard parts |
rarest type of fossil- teeth, bones |
| |
prints |
most common fossil, smashed between rock layers |
| |
traces |
fossil- something the animal left behind giving clues about it |
| |
mold and cast |
rock formation made from original shape of animal |
| |
petrification |
porous thing rained on, water seeps down, minerals build up and harden (like trees) |
| |
Margulis |
creator of "Endosymption Hypothesis"- formation of eukaryote cells |
| |
Oparin/Haldane |
Abiotic Synthesis, electrical sparks could make gases into inorganic molecules |
| |
Miller/Urey |
performed experiment of Oparin/Haldane |
| |
Fox |
protein-first hypothesis |
| |
Cairns-Smith |
RNA-first hypothesis, RNA first polymer |
| |
Deemer and Bangham |
showed how things came together to form a protocell |
| |
protocell |
primitive cell that wasn't complete until it had genetic material |
| |
precambrian |
1st period, primitve aquatic plants |
| |
paleozoic |
2nd period, ancient time- fish, amphibians, reptiles, trees |
| |
mesozoic |
3rd period, middle time- dinosaurs, birds, mammals, flowering plants |
| |
cenozoic |
4th period, recent time- mammals, humans |
| |
half-life |
amount of time it takes for half of the radioactive particles to decay |
| |
radioactive isotope |
unstable element |
| |
radioactive decay |
unstable nucleus can suddenly change in a burst of energy |
| |
relative dating |
look at where fossil ls laid in rock layers, further down the older, use an absolute index fossil |
| |
absolute dating |
radioactive elements decay or change, exact date with radioactive dating |
| |
C-14 |
unstable isotope of carbon |
| |
Cuvier |
father of paleontology and catastrophism, recognized rock layers represented different time periods |
| |
catastrophism |
sudden catastrophes caused mass extinction, new animals came in and repopulated area |
| |
Lyell |
author of Principles of Geology and father of uniformitarianism, earth changed slowly, eroded material and animal remains carried to sea, trapped in rocks, became fossils, said Earth must be millions of years old |
| |
Malthus |
economist, essay said humans could reproduce faster than food supply, but didn't because of famine, warfare, and disease, idea of natural selection |
| |
natural selection |
survival of the fittest, nature has the ability to control which genes will go further in populations |
| |
Hutton |
said Earth was at least millions of years old, comments explained in Lyell's bookl |
| |
de Lamarck |
inheritance of acquired traits, believed in acquired traits during lifetime, passed to young, but Darwin believed in random genetic mutations |
| |
Wallace |
sent Darwin an essay on how everything evolved from "a preexisting closely allied species", wrote a joint paper |
| |
descent by modification |
idea that we all evolved from one thing |
| |
Galapagos Islands |
Darwin visited, helped evolution theory with finches |
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